#177 – Risto Miikkulainen: Neuroevolution and Evolutionary Computation

John Carmack is a legendary programmer, co-founder of id Software, and lead programmer of many revolutionary video games including Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and the Commander Keen series. He is also the founder of Armadillo Aerospace, and for many years the CTO of Oculus VR. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: John’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/ID_AA_Carmack Books mentioned: Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution: https://amzn.to/3SkNZER Game Engine Black Book Wolfenstein 3D: https://amzn.to/3QlOqg8 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:49) – Programming languages (40:53) – Modern programming (50:55) – Day in the life (58:45) – Hard work (1:01:58) – Pizza and Diet Coke (1:04:43) – Setup (1:30:01) – id Software (2:02:50) – Commander Keen (2:09:36) – Hacker ethic (2:17:16) – Wolfenstein 3D (2:37:14) – Doom (2:51:34) – Quake (3:15:55) – John Romero (3:23:42) – Metaverse (3:52:04) – Elon Musk (3:57:59) – Mars (4:07:01) – Nuclear energy (4:10:39) – AGI (4:57:51) – Andrej Karpathy (5:00:50) – Martial arts (5:09:49) – Advice for young people (5:18:49) – Meaning of life

4 Elo 20225h 22min

Lt. Ryan Graves is a former Navy fighter pilot, who has worked on advanced research and development programs for DARPA, Office of Naval Research, and Air Force Research Labs on topics of multi-agent collaborative autonomy, AI-assisted air-to-air combat, and manned-unmanned teaming technologies. Ryan and people in his squadron detected and engaged with UFOs on multiple occasions, and he has been one of the few people willing to speak publicly about these experiences. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX – Notion: https://notion.com/startups to get up to $1000 off team plan – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Ryan’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/uncertainvector Ryan’s Website: https://uncertainvector.com DoD Statement: https://defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:28) – Top Gun analysis (19:33) – Fighter jets (1:07:00) – UFO sightings (1:33:28) – Congressional hearing (1:41:29) – Tic Tac UFO & Gimbal UFO (1:55:55) – Alien life (2:09:17) – Autonomous weapon systems (2:26:24) – Advice for young people (2:34:40) – Meaning of life

1 Elo 20222h 37min

Brian Armstrong is the CEO of Coinbase. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Audible: https://audible.com/lex – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Brian’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/brian_armstrong Brian’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brian_armstrong Coinbase’s Website: https://www.coinbase.com ResearchHub: https://www.researchhub.com NewLimit: https://www.newlimit.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:19) – Programming (14:17) – Coinbase (45:05) – Startup advice (1:02:56) – Economic freedom (1:12:06) – Coinbase technology (1:23:33) – Listing on Coinbase (1:32:47) – Regulations (1:47:25) – Crypto dominance (1:51:42) – Employee activism (2:08:00) – Leadership (2:10:39) – ResearchHub (2:20:17) – NewLimit (2:24:44) – Advice for young people (2:28:55) – Meaning of life

29 Heinä 20222h 36min

Oriol Vinyals is the Research Director and Deep Learning Lead at DeepMind. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get 14-day free trial – Weights & Biases: https://lexfridman.com/wnb – Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Oriol’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/oriolvinyalsml Oriol’s publications: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NkzyCvUAAAAJ DeepMind’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeepMind DeepMind’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/deepmind DeepMind’s Website: https://deepmind.com Papers: 1. Gato: https://deepmind.com/publications/a-generalist-agent 2. Flamingo: https://deepmind.com/blog/tackling-multiple-tasks-with-a-single-visual-language-model 3. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165 4. Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07682 5. Attention Is All You Need: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2017/file/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Paper.pdf PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:18) – AI (20:14) – Weights (26:33) – Gato (1:01:22) – Meta learning (1:15:21) – Neural networks (1:37:46) – Emergence (1:44:30) – AI sentience (2:08:27) – AGI

26 Heinä 20222h 15min

Lord Martin Rees is a cosmologist and astrophysicist at Cambridge University and co-founder of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Lambda: https://lambdalabs.com/lex – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Martin’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/lordmartinrees Martin’s Website: https://www.martinrees.uk Martin’s Books: If Science is to Save Us: https://amzn.to/3yXRqsc The End of Astronauts: https://amzn.to/3B604ro On the Future: https://amzn.to/3OlzLjB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:39) – Understanding the universe (15:09) – Human limitations and AI (24:05) – Dark matter (31:25) – Vast universe (39:07) – Alien life (52:59) – Space exploration (1:17:22) – Future technology (1:28:44) – Newton and Einstein (1:32:46) – Black holes (1:46:27) – Cosmological threats (2:13:31) – Advice for young people (2:16:02) – Mortality

23 Heinä 20222h 19min

Robert Barron is a bishop and founder of Word on Fire Catholic Ministries. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Mizzen+Main: https://mizzenandmain.com and use code LEX to get $35 off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Notion: https://notion.com/startups to get up to $1000 off team plan – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Robert’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/bishopbarron Robert’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/BishopBarron Word on Fire’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/wordonfire_catholicministries Word on Fire’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/WordOnFire Word on Fire’s Website: https://wordonfire.org Robert’s Books: Redeeming the Time: https://amzn.to/3PwNQf0 Catholicism: https://amzn.to/3RyDMEh PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:50) – Who is God? (20:30) – Christianity (25:18) – Sin (42:48) – The Trinity (44:32) – Catholicism (54:29) – Sexual abuse scandal (1:01:16) – Evil (1:12:59) – Atheism (1:24:21) – Jordan Peterson (1:26:56) – Jesus (1:29:42) – The Bible (1:32:17) – America (1:35:08) – Nietzsche (1:39:12) – Word on Fire (1:42:31) – Gay marriage (1:44:48) – Abortion (1:51:38) – Advice for young people (1:54:12) – Mortality (1:58:30) – Meaning of life

20 Heinä 20222h

Steve Keen is a heterodox economist and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Weights & Biases: https://lexfridman.com/wnb – Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Steve’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/profstevekeen The New Economics (book): https://amzn.to/3zb4eg4 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:26) – Defining economics (14:26) – Schools of economics (38:45) – Karl Marx (57:00) – Labor theory of value (1:16:45) – Socialism (1:31:48) – Soviet Union (1:45:08) – China (2:05:00) – Climate change (2:27:03) – Economics vs Politics (2:35:06) – Minsky’s model (2:49:50) – Financial crisis (2:55:07) – Inflation (3:08:21) – Marxism (3:15:42) – Space and AI (3:21:47) – Advice for young people (3:25:38) – Depression (3:30:10) – Love (3:34:11) – Mortality

17 Heinä 20223h 36min

Richard Haier is a psychologist specializing in the science of human intelligence. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Calm: https://calm.com/lex to get 40% off – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Richard’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/rjhaier Richard’s Website: https://richardhaier.com/ Documents & Articles: 1. Child IQ and survival to 79: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5491698/ 2. Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth: https://my.vanderbilt.edu/smpy/files/2013/02/DoingPsychScience2006.pdf Books: 1. The Neuroscience of Intelligence: https://amzn.to/3n50DcC 2. The Book of Five Rings: https://amzn.to/3y4Xcc6 3. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: https://amzn.to/3zPAW7q 4. Flowers for Algernon: https://amzn.to/3OfRKZS 5. The Bell Curve: https://amzn.to/3Ng4RJe 6. The Mismeasure of Man: https://amzn.to/3N9IkxB 7. Human Diversity: https://amzn.to/3O7Trsc 8. Facing Reality: https://amzn.to/3bfzqkX PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:06) – Measuring human intelligence (22:34) – IQ tests (45:23) – College entrance exams (53:59) – Genetics (59:58) – Enhancing intelligence (1:07:27) – The Bell Curve (1:19:58) – Race differences (1:39:11) – Bell curve criticisms (1:48:21) – Intelligence and life success (1:57:57) – Flynn effect (2:02:49) – Nature vs nuture (2:29:42) – Testing artificial intelligence (2:41:46) – Advice (2:45:53) – Mortality

14 Heinä 20222h 51min