Were the Robber Barons America's greatest philanthropists?

The Insular Cases are SCOTUS cases regarding rights of people in U.S. territories. They’re considered U.S. citizens from birth, but they don’t have the same constitutional rights or representation as citizens who live in one of the 50 states. Research: Armstrong v. United States, 182 U.S. 243 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/243/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sanford Ballard Dole". Encyclopedia Britannica, 5 Jun. 2023, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sanford-Ballard-Dole. Accessed 31 July 2023. Carstensen, Vernon. “The Constitutional and Territorial Expansion.” https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/IND88053401/pdf DeLima v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 1 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/1/ Dooley v. United States, 182 U.S. 222 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/222/ Dooley v. United States, 183 U.S. 151 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/183/151/ Downes v. Bidwell, 182 U.S. 244 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/244/ Erman, Sam. “Meanings of Citizenship in the U.S. Empire: Puerto Rico, Isabel Gonzalez, and the Supreme Court, 1898 to 1905.” Journal of American Ethnic History Summer 2008 Volume 27, Number 4. Fiol-Matta, Lía. “Future of the Insular Cases.” Latino Justice. https://www.latinojustice.org/en/latinojusticeopina/future-insular-cases Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U.S. 176 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/183/176/ Gelpí, Gustavo A. “The Insular Cases: A Comparative Historical Study of Puerto Rico, Hawai‘i, and the Philippines.” The Federal Lawyer | March/April 2011. Gershon, Livia. “The Myth of Manifest Destiny.” JSTOR Daily. 5/5/2021. https://daily.jstor.org/the-myth-of-manifest-destiny/ Goetze v. United States, 182 U.S. 221 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/221/ Howe, Amy. “Court declines to take up petition seeking to overturn Insular Cases.” SCOTUS Blog. 10/17/2022. https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/10/court-declines-to-take-up-petition-seeking-to-overturn-insular-cases/ Huus v. New York & Porto Rico Steamship Co., 182 U.S. 392 (1901). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/182/392/ National Archives. “Louisiana Purchase Treaty (1803).” https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/louisiana-purchase-treaty#no-1 Perez, Lisa Maria. “Citizenship Denied: The ‘Insular Cases’ and the Fourteenth Amendment.” Virginia Law Review , Jun., 2008, Vol. 94, No. 4 (Jun., 2008). https://www.jstor.org/stable/25470577 Ponsa-Kraus, Christina. “The Insular Cases Run Amok: Against Constitutional Exceptionalism in the Territories.” Yale Law Journal. Vol. 131, No. 8. June 2022. https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/the-insular-cases-run-amok Sparrow, Bartholomew H. "Insular Cases." Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court of the United States, edited by David S. Tanenhaus, vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 476-481. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3241200487/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=91c70605. Accessed 25 July 2023. Supreme Court of the United States. “UNITED STATES v. VAELLO MADERO.” Argued November 9, 2021—Decided April 21, 2022. https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-303_6khn.pdf Topol, Sarah A., and Glenna Gordon. "The America That Americans Forget." The New York Times Magazine, 9 July 2023, p. 22(L). Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A756508304/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=9e9434c8. Accessed 25 July 2023. Torruella, Juan R. “Ruling America's Colonies: The Insular Cases” Yale Law & Policy Review. 32:57. 2013. Torruella, Juan R. “The Insular Cases: The Establishment of a Regime of Political Apartheid.” University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law. Winter 2007. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/jil/vol29/iss2/1/ S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs. “Definitions of Insular Area Political Organizations.” https://www.doi.gov/oia/islands/politicatypes S. State Department Office of the Historian. “Louisiana Purchase, 1803 .” https://history.state.gov/milestones/1801-1829/louisiana-purchase. Wallach, Sherry Levin. “The Insular Cases Must Be Overturned.” Bloomberg Law. 8/3/2022. https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/the-insular-cases-must-be-overturned Yale Law School. “Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo; February 2, 1848.” https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/guadhida.asp See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

14 Aug 202345min

This 2018 episode covers Buddy Bolden, often referred to as the first jazz performer. But his life story, cluttered by lack of documentation and misinformation, played out tragically after his ascension to the apex of the New Orleans music scene.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

12 Aug 202330min

Holly and Tracy talk about the furor over Ming the clam, and why it's irrational for most people. Tracy continues the discussion of the problems with the sourcing of Anna's story.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

11 Aug 202323min

It took a while to figure out the cause of milk sickness. One woman often gets credit for solving the mystery, but does that story hold up? Research: Allen, John W. “It Happened in Southern Illinois: The Legend of Dr. Anna Bigsby.” The Daily Register. Harrisburg, IL. 1957. Allen, John W. “It Happened in Southern Illinois.” Southern Illinois University. 1968. “Disease in Ohio, Ascribed to Some Deleterious Quality in Milk of Cows.” The Medical Repository May-July 1811: Vol 3.  Daly, Walter J. “’The "Slows’: The Torment of Milk Sickness on the Midwest Frontier. Indiana Magazine of History , MARCH 2006, Vol. 102, No. 1 (MARCH 2006). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27792690 Furbee, Louanna and Dr. Wiliam D. Snively Jr. “Milk Sickness, 1811-1966: A Bibliography.” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences , July, 1968, Vol. 23, No. 3 (July, 1968). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24621944 Hall, Elihu N. “Anna’s War Against the River Pirates and Cave Bandits of John A. Murrell’s Northern Drive.” Special Collections Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Hardin County (Ill.). Historical Committee for the Centennial. “History of Hardin County, Illinois.” 1939. https://archive.org/details/historyofhardinc00hard Jordan, Philip D. “The Death of Nancy Hanks Lincoln.” Indiana Magazine of History , JUNE, 1944, Vol. 40, No. 2 (JUNE, 1944). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27787425. Letter, W. D. Snively Jr. to Lowell Dearinger, with correspondence by Norman Ferrell, June 12, 1967. John W. Allen Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Southern Illinois University Carbondale. “Lowell A. Dearinger.” https://www.choisser.org/illinois/lowell.html McCarthy, Will. “How an 1800s Midwife Solved a Poisonous Mystery.” Smithsonian. July/August 2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-1800s-midwife-solved-poisionous-mystery-180982343/ Rodman, Adam. “Episode 67: Fever on the Frontier.” Bedside Rounds. Podcast. 3/20/2022. http://bedside-rounds.org/episode-67-fever-on-the-frontier/ A.W. “Reviewed Work: Ballads from the Bluffs by Elihu Nicholas Hall.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society (1908-1984), Vol. 42, No. 1 (Mar., 1949). https://www.jstor.org/stable/40188361. Scientific American. “Milk Sickness—Its Cause and Cure.” 4/17/1858. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/milk-sicknessits-cause-and-cure/ Shawnee Tribe. “History of the People.” https://www.shawnee-nsn.gov/history Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian. “Shawnee Nation Case Study.” https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/removal-six-nations/shawnee/treaty.cshtml Snively, William D. Jr. and Louanna Furbee. “Discoverer of the Cause of Milk Sickness.” JAMA. June 20, 1966. Snively, William D. Jr. and Louanna Furbee. “Researching a Historical Book.” JAMA. April 7, 1969. Waggoner, F.R. “Milk Sickness: Its Etiology, Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.” Atlanta Medical and Surgical Journal. March 1859. Walker, J.W. “Milk-Sickness.” Science, Vol. 8, No. 199 (Nov. 26, 1886). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1760447 William I. Christensen. “Milk Sickness: A Review of the Literature.” Economic Botany, vol. 19, no. 3, 1965, pp. 293–300. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4252612. Accessed 19 July 2023. Wood, Curtis W. “Milk Sickness.” NCPedia. 2006. https://www.ncpedia.org/milk-sickness See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

9 Aug 202343min

These animals have been marking time largely unaware of all the ups and downs and intrigues of humanity. And stories about them often have more to do with the way people perceive them than the animals themselves.  Research: Butler, Paul G. et al. “Variability of marine climate on the North Icelandic Shelf in a 1357-year proxy archive based on growth increments in the bivalve Arctica islandica.” Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. Volume 373, 2013. Pages 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2012.01.016. Barber, Elizabeth. “Scientists discover world's oldest clam, killing it in the process.” Christian Science Monitor. Nov. 15, 2013. https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2013/1115/Scientists-discover-world-s-oldest-clam-killing-it-in-the-process Binns, Daniel. “Blungling Scientists Kill World’s Oldest Creature – a Clam – After 507 Years in Sea.” Metro UK. Nov. 13, 2013. https://metro.co.uk/2013/11/13/bungling-scientists-kill-worlds-oldest-creature-a-clam-after-507-years-in-sea-4185580/ Brix, Lise. “New record: World’s oldest animal is 507 years old.” Science Nordic. Nov. 6, 2013. https://sciencenordic.com/ageing-denmark-geochemistry/new-record-worlds-oldest-animal-is-507-years-old/1392743 Free, Cathy. “The world’s oldest living land animal? At age 190, it’s Jonathan the tortoise.” The Washington Post. January 30, 2022. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/01/31/oldest-animal-tortoise-jonathan-/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2022/01/31/oldest-animal-tortoise-jonathan-/ “Daughter Scotches Churchill Parrot Claim.” BBC. Jan. 21, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/3417353.stm Elliot, Danielle. “Ming the Clam, World’s Oldest Animal, Was Actually 507 Years Old.” CBS News. Nov. 14, 2013. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ming-the-clam-worlds-oldest-animal-was-actually-507-years-old/ Farrar, Steve. “Ming the Mollusk Holds Secret to Long Life.” The Times. October 28, 2007. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/ming-the-mollusc-holds-secret-to-long-life-mfcvbtxl6gr Gamillo, Elizabeth. “At 190, Jonathan the Tortoise Is the World’s Oldest. Smithsonian. Feb. 4, 2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/at-190-jonathan-the-tortoise-is-the-worlds-oldest-living-land-animal-180979514/ Holmes, Anna. “Meet Ming the Clam – the Oldest Animal in the World!” Amgueddfa Blog. Feb. 11, 2020. https://museum.wales/blog/2122/Meet-Ming-the-clam---the-oldest-animal-in-the-world/#:~:text=At%20507%20years%20the%20Ocean,together%20as%20a%20collective%20form.·       “In A Flap Over 'Churchill's' Old Bird.” SkyNews. Jan. 20, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20091204165346/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641119993 Kolirin, Lianne. “Meet 190-year-old Jonathan, the world’s oldest-ever tortoise.” CNN. Jan. 26, 2022. https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/oldest-tortoise-jonathan-scli-intl-scn/index.html “Historic Tortoise.” The Jersey Journal. June 28, 1968. https://www.newspapers.com/image/908625184/?terms=%22tortoise%20st.%20helena%22%20&match=1 “How are seashells made?” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. https://www.whoi.edu/know-your-ocean/did-you-know/how-are-seashells-made “Jonathan at 140 Looks to the Future.” The Kansas City Times. Aug. 20, 1969. https://www.newspapers.com/image/675666450/?terms=%22tortoise%20st.%20helena%22%20&match=1 Lyall, Sarah. “Reigate Journal; Parrot May Have Been Churchill's, but She's Not Saying.” New York Times. March 9, 2004. https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/09/world/reigate-journal-parrot-may-have-been-churchill-s-but-she-s-not-saying.html Madden, Chris. “Having a chat with Churchill's parrot and - at 114-years-old - one of Reigate's oldest residents.” Surrey Live. Aug. 26, 2014. https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/local-news/having-chat-churchills-parrot-114-13642592 Triesman, Rachel. “Jonathan, the world’s oldest tortoise, marks his 190th with fanfare and salad cake.” NPR. Dec. 7, 2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/12/07/1141180557/jonathan-tortoise-birthday-190 “Unique Distinction.” The Daily Times. Nov. 18, 1947. https://www.newspapers.com/image/303381370/?terms=%22tortoise%20st.%20helena%22%20&match=1 “Jonathan’s 190th” St. Helena Tourism. https://www.sthelenatourism.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Jonathan-turns-190.pdf Larson, Samantha. “Oldest Clam Consternation Overblown.” National Geographic. Nov. 17, 2013. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/131116-oldest-clam-dead-ming-science-ocean-507?loggedin=true&rnd=1690833236811 “Ming the clam is oldest mollusc.” BBC. Oct. 28, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7066389.stm Morelle, Rebecca. “Clam-gate: The Epic Saga of Ming.” BBC. Nov. 14, 2013. https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-24946983 Wallenfeldt, Jeff. “History of Saint Helena.” Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Saint-Helena-island-South-Atlantic-Ocean/History “RIP Ming the Clam.” The Daily Telegraph.” October 29, 2007. https://www.newspapers.com/image/753409282/?terms=ming%20quahog&match=1 Roach, John. “405-year-old Clam Called Longest-lived Animal.” National Geographic. October 29, 2007. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/405-year-old-clam-called-longest-lived-animal “Winston’s Obscene Parrot Lives On.” BBC. Jan. 19, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3410893.stm See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

7 Aug 202336min

This 2016 episode touches on the establishment of a submarine telegraph cable to connect North America and Europe. It took ingenuity, but more than anything else, it required tenacity. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

5 Aug 202328min

Holly and Tracy talk about how the 1904 marathoners were abused by race organizers, and discuss lighter stories related to one of the runners. Tracy discusses John Singer Sargent's childhood drawings.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

4 Aug 202326min

This episode is about two women related to John Singer Sargent: Judith Sargent Murray was a writer and an advocate for women’s rights. Emily Sargent was a prolific artist whose work was largely thought to be lost.  Research: Cape Ann Slavery & Abolition. “Enslaved persons of record on Cape Ann.” https://capeannslavery.org/enslaved-persons-of-record-on-cape-ann/# Cascone, Sarah. “Emily Sargent, Not Just a Sister to John, Was a Serious Painter in Her Own Right. Her Watercolor Landscapes are Finally Entering Museums—and the Spotlight.” Artnet. 2/6/2023. https://news.artnet.com/art-world/emily-sargent-2215370 Charteris, Evan. “John Sargent.” New York : C. Scribner's sons. 1927. Colby, Vineta. “Vernon Lee: A Literary Biography.” University of Virginia Press. 2003. Harris, Sharon M. “Judith Sargent Murray (1751–1820).” Legacy , 1994, Vol. 11, No. 2 (1994). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/25679133 Laidler, John. “It’s Emily Sargent’s time for a showcase.” Boston Globe. 5/12/2022. https://www.bostonglobe.com/2022/05/12/metro/its-emily-sargents-time-showcase/ McCarthy, Gail. “Sargent watercolors coming to Gloucester.” Gloucester Daily Times. 5/6/2022. https://www.gloucestertimes.com/news/sargent-watercolors-coming-to-gloucester/article_2dd8d922-cc8e-11ec-8187-e763043a7f1f.html Michals, Debra. “Judith Sargent Murray.” National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/judith-sargent-murray "Murray, Judith Sargent." Shaping of America, 1783-1815 Reference Library, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, et al., vol. 3: Biographies Volume 2, UXL, 2006, pp. 393-400. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3450900081/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c058aad0. Accessed 10 July 2023. Murray, Judith Sargent. “On the Equality of Sexes (Part 1). ” The Massachusetts Magazine, Or, Monthly Museum 1790-03: Vol 2, Issue 3. Murray, Judith Sargent. “On the Equality of Sexes (Part 2). ” The Massachusetts Magazine, Or, Monthly Museum 1790-03: Vol 2, Issue 4. New England Historical Society. “Judith Sargent Murray, The Forgotten Revolutionary.” https://newenglandhistoricalsociety.com/judith-sargent-murray-2/ Public Domain Review. “Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes (1790).” https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/equality-of-the-sexes Ruiz, Paloma. “Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes (1790).” Public Domain Review. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/equality-of-the-sexes Skemp, Sheila L. “First Lady of Letters: Judith Sargent Murray and the Struggle for Female Independence.” University of Pennsylvania Press. 2009. Skemp, Sheila L. “Judith Sargent Murray : a brief biography with documents.” Boston : Bedford Books. 1998. Skemp, Sheila L. “The Pioneer in Women's Rights Who Was on the Wrong Side of History.” History News Network. http://hnn.us/articles/86355.html “A Will of Their Own: Judith Sargent Murray and Women of Achievement in the Early Republic.” https://npg.si.edu/exhibit/murray/#1 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

2 Aug 202341min