Hasekura Tsunenaga

Hasekura Rokuemon Tsunenaga was a samurai who led a diplomatic delegation to New Spain, Spain and Rome in the 17th century. But many of the Japanese records about their mission were lost or destroyed after they returned.

Research:

• Carl, Katy. “Aiming for Japan and Getting Heaven Thrown In.” Genealogies of Modernity. 12/2/2020. https://genealogiesofmodernity.org/journal/2020/11/25/scales-of-value-shusaku-endos-the-samurai
• Christensen, Thomas. “1616: The World in Motion.” Counterpoint. 2012. https://archive.org/details/1616worldinmotio0000chri/
• Corradini, Piero. “Some Problems concerning Hasekura Tsunenaga’s Embassy to the Pope." From Rethinking Japan Vol. 2. Routledge. 1995.
• Frederic, Louis. “Japan Encyclopedia.” Translated by Käthe Roth. 2002. https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/mode/1up
• Fujikawa, Mayu. “Pope Paul V’s global design.” Renaissance Studies, APRIL 2016, Vol. 30, No. 2 (APRIL 2016). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26618847
• Gessel, Van C. “Historical Background.” From The Samurai by Shusaku Endo.
• Gutierrez, Ed. “Samurai in Spain.” Japan Quarterly, Jan. 1, 2000.
• Jones, Josh. “The 17th Century Japanese Samurai Who Sailed to Europe, Met the Pope & Became a Roman Citizen.” Open Culture. 11/29/2021. https://www.openculture.com/2021/11/the-17th-century-japanese-samurai-who-sailed-to-europe-met-the-pope-became-a-roman-citizen.html
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• KCP International. “Hasekura Tsunenaga and his Travels.” KCP International Japanese Language School. 9/6/2017. https://www.kcpinternational.com/2017/09/hasekura-tsunenaga-and-his-travels/
• Lee, Christina H. “The Perception of the Japanese in Early Modern Spain: Not Quite ‘The Best People Yet Discovered’.” eHumanista: Volume 11, 2008.
• Massarella, Derek. “The Japanese Embassy to Europe (1582–1590).” The Japanese Embassy to Europe (1582–1590). February 2013. https://www.hakluyt.com/downloadable_files/Journal/Massarella.pdf
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• Musillo, Marco. “The Borghese papacy's reception of a samurai delegation and its fresco image at Palazzo del Quirinale, Rome.” From Western visions of the Far East in a transpacific age, 1522-1657. Ashgate, 2012.
• Pasciuto, Greg. “Hasekura Tsunenaga: The Adventures of a Christian Samurai.” The Collector. 12/7/2022. https://www.thecollector.com/hasekura-tsunenaga-christian-samurai/
• Sanabrais, Sofia. “’Spaniards of Asia’: The Japanese Presence in Colonial Mexico.” Bulletin of Portuguese Japanese Studies. 2009, 18/19. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/361/36129851009.pdf
• Shigemi, Inaga. “Japanese Encounters with Latin America and Iberian Catholicism (1549–1973): Some Thoughts on Language, Imperialism, Identity Formation, and Comparative Research.” The Comparatist, Vol. 32 (MAY 2008). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26237176
• Strusiewicz, Cezary Jan. “The Samurai Who Met the Pope.” Tokyo Weekender. 4/26/2021. https://www.tokyoweekender.com/art_and_culture/japanese-culture/the-samurai-who-met-the-pope/
• Theroux, Marcel. “The samurai who charmed the courts of Europe.” The Guardian. 6/7/2020. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2020/jun/07/hasekura-rokuemon-tsunenaga-japan-samurai-charmed-courts-europe
• Tucci, Giuseppe. “Japanese Ambassadors as Roman Patricians.” East and West , JULY 1951, Vol. 2, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/29757935
  
  

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