#170 – Santosh Harish on how air pollution is responsible for ~12% of global deaths — and how to get that number down

"One [outrageous example of air pollution] is municipal waste burning that happens in many cities in the Global South. Basically, this is waste that gets collected from people's homes, and instead of being transported to a waste management facility or a landfill or something, gets burned at some point, because that's the fastest way to dispose of it — which really points to poor delivery of public services. But this is ubiquitous in virtually every small- or even medium-sized city. It happens in larger cities too, in this part of the world. "That's something that truly annoys me, because it feels like the kind of thing that ought to be fairly easily managed, but it happens a lot. It happens because people presumably don't think that it's particularly harmful. I don't think it saves a tonne of money for the municipal corporations and other local government that are meant to manage it. I find it particularly annoying simply because it happens so often; it's something that you're able to smell in so many different parts of these cities." — Santosh HarishIn today’s episode, host Rob Wiblin interviews Santosh Harish — leader of Open Philanthropy’s grantmaking in South Asian air quality — about the scale of the harm caused by air pollution.Links to learn more, summary, and full transcript.They cover:How bad air pollution is for our health and life expectancyThe different kinds of harm that particulate pollution causesThe strength of the evidence that it damages our brain function and reduces our productivityWhether it was a mistake to switch our attention to climate change and away from air pollutionWhether most listeners to this show should have an air purifier running in their house right nowWhere air pollution in India is worst and why, and whether it's going up or downWhere most air pollution comes fromThe policy blunders that led to many sources of air pollution in India being effectively unregulatedWhy indoor air pollution packs an enormous punchThe politics of air pollution in IndiaHow India ended up spending a lot of money on outdoor air purifiersThe challenges faced by foreign philanthropists in IndiaWhy Santosh has made the grants he has so farAnd plenty moreChapters:Cold open (00:00:00)Rob's intro (00:01:07)How bad is air pollution? (00:03:41)Quantifying the scale of the damage (00:15:47)Effects on cognitive performance and mood (00:24:19)How do we really know the harms are as big as is claimed? (00:27:05)Misconceptions about air pollution (00:36:56)Why don’t environmental advocacy groups focus on air pollution? (00:42:22)How listeners should approach air pollution in their own lives (00:46:58)How bad is air pollution in India in particular (00:54:23)The trend in India over the last few decades (01:12:33)Why aren’t people able to fix these problems? (01:24:17)Household waste burning (01:35:06)Vehicle emissions (01:42:10)The role that courts have played in air pollution regulation in India (01:50:09)Industrial emissions (01:57:10)The political economy of air pollution in northern India (02:02:14)Can philanthropists drive policy change? (02:13:42)Santosh’s grants (02:29:45)Examples of other countries that have managed to greatly reduce air pollution (02:45:44)Career advice for listeners in India (02:51:11)Producer and editor: Keiran HarrisAudio Engineering Lead: Ben CordellTechnical editing: Simon Monsour and Milo McGuireTranscriptions: Katy Moore