22 How do you create fake kanji?

On this episode of Ichimon Japan we ask: How do you create fake kanji?

Topics Discussed

• Kanji radicals
• The composition of kanji
• Kanji reading strategies
• The "Original Kanji Contest" (Sōsaku Kanji Kontesuto)
• What yūrei-moji (ghost kanji/characters) are
• Why the kanji character for rice (米) is used to mean "meter" in Japanese
• The kanji based system used for measurements (metric and Imperial)
• What kokuji (国字) are
• What "made in Japan kanji" (和製漢字, wasei kanji) are
• Some of our favorite kanji made in Japan
• The fabulous dolphin-like creature that is Shachihoko
• How to write gomi (trash, garbage) in kanji
• The many ways you can write "sleigh" in kanji
• And more!

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Sources, Links, Videos, Etc.

If you would like to learn more about kanji radicals, one good place to start might be the Wikipedia page linked below.

• List of kanji radicals by frequency

The 23 kanji radicals below are the ones mentioned by Christine in this episode. The on-yomi (Chinese reading) of a jōyō kanji will always have the same reading. The on-yomi for each of these radicals is provided as well.

• 長 chō
• 義 gi
• 亢 kō
• 章 shō
• 尞 ryō
• 曹 sō
• 巨 kyo
• 𢦏 sai
• 冓 kō
• 㐮 jō
• 旨 shi
• 氐 tei
• 呉 go
• 求 kyū
• 兪 yu
• 麻 ma
• 五 go
• 侵 shin
• 奴 do
• 喿 sō
• 喿 sō
• 及 kyu
• 賁 fun
• 旦 tan

The list above is from the article below. If you are interested in learning more bout which kanji radicals have more or less readings, then the article is definitely worth a look.

• Toyoda, Etsuko & Firdaus, Arief & Kano, Chieko. (2013). Identifying Useful Phonetic Components of kanji for Learners of Japanese. Japanese Language and Literature. 47. 235-272.

The Japan Times article on "ghost kanji" (yūrei-moji ) that was mentioned in this episode can be accessed via the link below.

• 'Ghost kanji' lurk in the Japanese lexicon

The kanji that Christine gives as an example of a ghost kanj can be seen below.

• 妛: According to the Japan Times, some dictionaries give akebi as the reading of this character. However, it is believed that this character was accidentally created as a result of a mistake when creating computer fonts in the 1970s. This character (妛) is thought to derive from the real character 𡚴, which can be found in 𡚴原 (Akenbara), a name used for a small district in Shiga Prefecture. The extra horizontal line in the ghost kanji is believed to have been caused by a photocopying error.

The website for the "Original Kanji Contest" (Sōsaku Kanji Kontesuto) can be accessed via the link below.

• Sōsaku Kanji Contest Website

Source: Sōsaku Kanji Contest Website

To look at the full list of made in Japan kanji/kokuji, check out the page linked to below.

• A list of kokuji (国字)

To listen to the latest episode of Japan Station, use the link below.

• From Nintendo to Hello Kitty, Chatting About Japanese Pop Culture w. Matt Alt | Japan Station 44

Japanese Vocabulary List

Most episodes feature at least one or two interesting Japanese words or phrases. Here's some of the ones that came up on this episode. All information is from Jim Breen's WWWJDIC.

• Bushu
  • 部首 【ぶしゅ】 (n) radical (of a kanji character)
• Tōge
  • 峠 【とうげ】 (n,n-suf) (1) (mountain) pass; ridge; peak; (n) (2) peak (e.g. of summer); worst (e.g. of an illness); crisis; critical point; most difficult part
• Sori
  • 轌 : 橇; 轌 【そり; ソリ】 (n) (uk) sleigh; sled; sledge
• Shachihoko
  • 鯱 : 鯱; 鯱鉾 【しゃちほこ; しゃっちょこ(鯱); さちほこ(鯱)】 (n) mythical carp with the head of a lion and the body of a fish (auspicious protectors of well-being); 【しゃち; シャチ】 ; (n) (1) (uk) orca (Orcinus orca); killer whale; grampus; (2) (しゃち only) (abbr) (See 鯱・しゃちほこ) mythical carp with the head of a lion and the body of a fish (auspicious protectors of well-being); ED Name(s): 【しゃちほこ】 (s) Shachihoko
• Konoshiro
  • 鮗 【このしろ; コノシロ】 (n) (uk) konoshiro gizzard shad (Konosirus punctatus)
• Ebi
  • エビ : 海老(P); 蝦; 蛯; 鰕 【えび(P); エビ(P)】 (n) prawn; shrimp; lobster; crayfish
• Hataraku
  • 働く 【はたらく】 (v5k,vi) (1) to work; to labor; to labour; (2) to function; to operate; to be effective; to work (i.e. ... works); to come into play; (3) to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate; to do; to act; to practise; to practice; (4) {ling} to be conjugated
• Heibei
  • 平米 【へいべい】 (n) square metre; square meter

We Want Your Questions

Is there something about Japan that confuses you? Is there something about Japanese culture that you would like to learn more about? Is there something in Japanese history that you would like us to explain? We're always looking for new questions about Japan to answer, so if you have one, please send it to ichimon@japankyo.com.

Special Thanks

Opening/Closing Theme: Produced by Apol (YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Fiverr)

Ichimon Japan cover art: Produced by Erik R.

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Full Show Notes

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