Episode 947: Hypercapnia

Episode 947: Hypercapnia

Educational Pearls:

  • Physiologic stimulation of ventilation occurs through changes in levels of:

    • Arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2)

    • Arterial oxygen (PaO2)

  • Hypercapnia is an elevated level of CO2 in the blood - this primarily drives ventilation

  • Hypoxia is a decreased level of O2 in the body's tissues - the backup drive for ventilation

  • Patients at risk of hypercapnia should maintain an O2 saturation between 88-92%

    • Normal O2 saturation is 95-100%

  • In patients who chronically retain CO2, their main drive for ventilation becomes hypoxia

  • An audit was performed of SpO2 observations of all patients with a target range of 88–92% at a single hospital over a four-year period

    • This found that excessive oxygen administration was more common than insufficient oxygen and is associated with an increased risk of harm

  • Individuals at risk of hypercapnia include but are not limited to patients with COPD, hypoventilation syndrome, or altered mental status

References

  1. Homayoun Kazemi, Douglas C. Johnson, Respiration, Editor(s): V.S. Ramachandran, Encyclopedia of the Human Brain, Academic Press, 2002, Pages 209-216, ISBN 9780122272103, https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-227210-2/00302-2.

  2. O'Driscoll BR, Bakerly ND. Are we giving too much oxygen to patients at risk of hypercapnia? Real world data from a large teaching hospital. Respir Med. 2025 Mar;238:107965. doi: 10.1016/j.rmed.2025.107965. Epub 2025 Jan 30. PMID: 39892771.

Summarized by Meg Joyce, MS1 | Edited by Meg Joyce & Jorge Chalit, OMS3

Donate: https://emergencymedicalminute.org/donate/

Avsnitt(1150)

Podcast 999: Right vs Left Internal Jugular Access

Podcast 999: Right vs Left Internal Jugular Access

Contributor: Travis Barlock, MD Educational Pearls: What is an internal jugular catheter (IJ) and when do we use it? IJs are catheters that can be placed in either the left or the right internal jugu...

23 Mars 2min

Podcast 998: Delayed Intubation After an Overdose

Podcast 998: Delayed Intubation After an Overdose

Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: How long do we need to watch patients with a presumed overdose who were treated with naloxone in the field? A 2025 study in the Annals of Emergency M...

16 Mars 3min

Podcast 997: D-Dimer

Podcast 997: D-Dimer

Contributor: Travis Barlock, MD Educational Pearls: D-dimer: fibrin degradation product used to evaluate for clot formation and breakdown Threshold: Elevated D-dimer indicates recent or ongoing int...

9 Mars 2min

Podcast 996: Melatonin

Podcast 996: Melatonin

Contributor: Taylor Lynch MD Educational Pearls: Melatonin is an endogenous hormone released primarily by the pineal gland Also released by extrapineal regions in the retina, the GI tract, and some ...

2 Mars 4min

Episode 995: UTI Diagnosis

Episode 995: UTI Diagnosis

Contributor: Travis Barlock, MD Educational Pearls:  Foul-smelling urine and cloudy urine are commonly misinterpreted as indicators of a UTI. However, these findings alone are not diagnostic. Criteri...

24 Feb 5min

Podcast 994: Biphasic Anaphylaxis

Podcast 994: Biphasic Anaphylaxis

Contributor: Aaron Lessen, MD Educational Pearls: What is anaphylaxis and what are its treatments?  Anaphylaxis is a broad term for potentially life threatening allergic reactions that can progress t...

16 Feb 3min

Podcast 993: Personalized Gene Editing Therapy

Podcast 993: Personalized Gene Editing Therapy

Contributor: Alec Coston, MD Educational Pearls: Disclaimer: this has nothing to do with the ER but is too cool to not talk about. Condition: Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency Ra...

9 Feb 6min

Tox Talks 2025 Recap 2, Methemoglobinemia and Errors

Tox Talks 2025 Recap 2, Methemoglobinemia and Errors

Contributors: Travis Barlock MD, Ian Gillman PA, Jacob Altholz MD, Jeffrey Olson MS4 In this episode, EM attending Travis Barlock and medical student Jeffrey Olson listen in to the two remaining cases...

4 Feb 41min

Populärt inom Vetenskap

dumma-manniskor
p3-dystopia
svd-nyhetsartiklar
kapitalet-en-podd-om-ekonomi
allt-du-velat-veta
rss-ufo-bortom-rimligt-tvivel-2
rss-vetenskapsradion-2
rss-vetenskapsradion
det-morka-psyket
sexet
doden-hjarnan-kemisten
rss-spraket
rss-odla
paranormalt-med-caroline-giertz
dumforklarat
rss-experimentet
medicinvetarna
vetenskapsradion
rss-geopodden-2
bildningspodden