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Christmas, 1683. King Louis XIV invaded The Holy Roman Empire in a bid to claim the western bank of the Rhine. At that exact moment Laurens de Graaf attacked one of the jewels of the Spanish Empire. He was called a pirate despite his Letter of Marque, but if so, his piracy was remarkably unprofitable and played perfectly into Louis' war aims. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices