Kittie Knox and the Bike Boom

Kittie Knox and the Bike Boom

Kittie Knox was a cyclist during the bicycle boom of the late 19th century. She was biracial and became known not just for participating in a predominantly white sport, but also for the clothes she wore to do it.

Research:

  • Adams, Dan. “Ceremony honors cyclist who broke barriers: Kittie Knox showed pluck on wheels.” Boston Globe. 9/30/2013. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2013/09/29/long-forgotten-bicycling-pioneer-who-broke-race-and-gender-barriers-honored/VAtfz0av4PqeHuHLiOw3sI/story.html
  • Bashore, Melvin L. "Astoria: The Starting Point in Long-Distance Cycling." Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol. 123, no. 3, fall 2022, pp. 254+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A728470987/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b2fe7364. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
  • "Bicycle." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 20 Dec. 2021. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2Fbicycle%2F79113&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
  • "Bicycles." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. Economic History, edited by Thomas Riggs, 2nd ed., vol. 1, Gale, 2015, pp. 129-132. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3611000095/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=26448255. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
  • "Bicycling." American Eras, vol. 8: Development of the Industrial United States, 1878-1899, Gale, 1997, pp. 401-402. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2536601761/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=53eefb1f. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
  • Boyd, Herb. “Kittie Knox of cycling fame and fashion.” New York Amsterdam News. 11/24/2022-11/30/2022.
  • Cambridge Black History Project. “Katherine T. ‘Kittie’ Knox.” http://cambridgeblackhistoryproject.org/project/kittie-knox/
  • Cycling Authority of America. “The Bearings.” Via Internet Archive. Vol. 7, no. 2 (Feb. 10, 1893) https://archive.org/details/bearings111895cycl/
  • “The Science of Cycling.” https://www.exploratorium.edu/cycling/index.html
  • Finison, Lorenz J. “Boston’s Cycling Craze, 1880-1900: A Story of Race, Sport and Society.” University of Massachusetts Press. 2014.
  • Finison, Lorenz J., "Cycling Historiography, Evidence, and Methods" (2014). Boston’s Cycling Craze, 1880-1900: A Story of Race, Sport, and Society. Paper 1. http://scholarworks.umb.edu/umpress_bostoncycling/1
  • "FIRST CARGO ELECTRIC-ASSIST TRICYCLE ADDED TO CITY FLEET, NAMED AFTER KITTIE KNOX." States News Service, 21 Aug. 2020, p. NA. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A633136234/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=85ac573a. Accessed 5 Dec. 2022.
  • Friends of Mount Auburn. “A Monument for Kittie Knox.” 9/30/2013. https://www.mountauburn.org/aaht-knox-monument/
  • Friends of Mount Auburn. “Kittie Knox (1874 – 1900).” Mount Auburn Cemetery. https://www.mountauburn.org/kittie-knox-1874-1900/
  • Guroff, Margaret. “American Drivers Have Bicyclists to Thank for a Smooth Ride to Work.” Smithsonian. 9/12/2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/travel/american-drivers-thank-bicyclists-180960399/
  • A.W. Bulletin and Good Roads. July 1895. Via HathiTrust. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433109933758&view=1up&seq=148
  • LaFrance, Adrienne. “How the Bicycle Paved the Way for Women's Rights.” 6/26/2014. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/the-technology-craze-of-the-1890s-that-forever-changed-womens-rights/373535/
  • Miller, Grace. “Breaking the Cycle: the Kittie Knox story.” Unbound: Smithsonian Libraries and Archives. 5/26/2020. https://blog.library.si.edu/blog/2020/05/26/breaking-the-cycle-the-kittie-knox-story/#.Y4-yfXbMJPZ
  • National Women’s History Museum. “Pedaling the Path to Freedom: American Women on Bicycles.” 6/27/2017. https://www.womenshistory.org/articles/pedaling-path-freedom
  • Neejer, Christine. "A conservative road: the bicycling rhetoric of Mary Sargent Hopkins." Intertexts, vol. 18, no. 1, spring 2014, pp. 93+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A383327852/AONE?u=mlin_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=60f8ab60. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
  • Sani, Hamzat. “League Equity History.” League of American Bicyclists. https://www.bikeleague.org/content/mission-and-history
  • Simpson, Clare, and Rob Hess. "Bicycling." Encyclopedia of Recreation and Leisure in America, edited by Gary S. Cross, vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004, pp. 95-101. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3434800036/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b405085c. Accessed 7 Dec. 2022.
  • Smithsonian Bicycle Collection. “The Development of the Velocipede.” Smithsonian. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/si-bikes/si-bikes-velocipede
  • Stanford Braff, Carolyn. "The Perfect Time to Ride: A History of the League of American Wheelmen" (PDF). American Bicyclist: 18–23. November-December 2007.
  • Szczepanski, Carolyn. “Women’s (Bike) History: Kittie Knox.” League of American Bicyclists. 3/8/2013. https://www.bikeleague.org/content/womens-bike-history-kittie-knox
  • Tolman, Lynne. “League rights a wrong, lifting forgotten racial ban.” Worcester Telegram & Gazette. 5/30/1999. Via Major Taylor Association. https://www.majortaylorassociation.org/LAW.htm
  • “How Bikes Became One of the Best Things to Happen to Feminism.” 8/26/2019. https://transloc.com/blog/how-bikes-became-one-of-the-best-things-to-happen-to-feminism/

See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jaksot(2623)

The SS Andrea Doria Rescue

The SS Andrea Doria Rescue

The SS Andrea Doria was a luxury cruise liner that sank after colliding with another ship in 1956. Most of the people who were on the Andrea Doria lived thanks to one of the biggest civilian maritime rescues in history.  Research: Cooke, Anthony, editor. “Andrea Doria.” Italian Liners. https://www.italianliners.com/andrea-doria-en Carrothers, John Carroll. “There Must Have Been a Third Ship! (An Analysis of the Andrea Doria-Stockholm Disaster).” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. 7/1958. https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1958/july/there-must-have-been-third-ship ‘ “Stefano Carletti: The Man Who Immortalized The Wreck of the Andrea Doria.” 4/1/2021. https://indepthmag.com/stefano-carletti-the-man-who-made-the-wreck-of-the-andrea-doria-immortal/ Moyer, John. “A Conservator’s Reflections on the Andrea Doria.” InDepth. 6/26/2021. https://indepthmag.com/reflections-on-the-andrea-doria/ Simpson, Pierette Domenica. “The Night I Survived the Andrea Doria Shipwreck.” Italian Sons and Daughters of America. 8/9/2022. https://orderisda.org/culture/la-nostra-voce/the-night-i-survived-the-andrea-doria-shipwreck/ Carrothers, John C. “The Andrea Doria-Stockholm Disaster: Accidents Don’t Happen.” U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. August 1971. https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/1971/august/andrea-doria-stockholm-disaster-accidents-dont-happen Ballard, Robert D. and Rich Archbold. “Lost Liners.” Via PBS. https://www.pbs.org/lostliners/andrea.html King, Greg and Penny Wilson. “The Last Voyage of the Andrea Doria.” St. Martin’s Press. 2020. Andrews, Evan. “The Sinking of Andrea Doria.” 9/21/2023. History.com. https://www.history.com/news/the-sinking-of-andrea-doria Tikkanen, Amy. “Andrea Doria.” Britannica. 4/12/2024. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Andrea-Doria-Italian-ship NBC News. “50 years later, sunken ship still claiming lives.” 7/24/2006. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna14007111 “The Andrea Doria Settlement.” TIME Magazine. 2/4/1957, Vol. 69 Issue 5, p86-86. 1/3p. Garzke, William H. and Pierette Domenica Simpson. “The Loss of Andrea Doria: A Marine Forensic Analysis.” Marine Technology Society Journal. November/December 2012 Volume 46 Number 6. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

20 Touko 202438min

SYMHC Classics: The Vanishing of Sister Aimee

SYMHC Classics: The Vanishing of Sister Aimee

This 2014 episode covers Aimee Semple McPherson, an extraordinary figure in the early 20th-century religious landscape. As an evangelist, she rose to incredible popularity in the 1920s, and then vanished.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

18 Touko 202432min

Behind the Scenes Minis: Sophia Stories

Behind the Scenes Minis: Sophia Stories

Holly and Tracy talk about how to pronounce Sophia, and speculate about why Jex-Blake didn't pursue an education at New England Female Medical College.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

17 Touko 202418min

Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven (Part 2)

Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven (Part 2)

After studying with Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell in New York, Sophia Jex-Blake moved back to England when her father died. But her determination to get a medical education in the U.K. turned her into an education activist. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake". Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophia-Louisa-Jex-Blake Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Elizabeth Garrett Anderson". Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Garrett-Anderson Drysdale, Neil. “UK’s first female students posthumously awarded their medical degrees in Edinburgh.” The Press and Journal. July 6, 2019. https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/1790307/uks-first-female-students-posthumously-awarded-their-medical-degrees-in-edinburgh/ Edmunds, Percy James. “The Origin Of The London School Of Medicine For Women.” The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 2620, 1911, pp. 659–60. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25285883. Accessed 30 Apr. 2024. Campbell, Olivia. “The Queer Victorian Doctors Who Paved the Way for Women in Medicine.” History. June 1, 2021. https://www.history.com/news/queer-victorian-doctors-women-medicine Jex-Blake, Sophia. “Medical Women.” Edinburgh. WILLIAM OLIPHANT & Co. 1872. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52297/52297-h/52297-h.htm Kelly, Laura, Dr. “The 1896 ‘Enabling Act.’” Women’s Museum of Ireland. https://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/exhibits/1876-enabling-act “Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Somerset Standard. July 26, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806751302/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake Lutzker, Edythe. “Women Gain a Place in Medicine.” New York. McGraw-Hill. 1969. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/womengainplacein00lutz/page/n1/mode/2up Ogilve, Marilyn Bailey. “Women in Science.” MIT Press. 1986. “Sophia Jex-Blake.” Birmingham Post. Jan. 20, 1940. https://www.newspapers.com/image/784125734/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake “Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven.” University of Edinburgh. Jan. 23, 2024. https://www.ed.ac.uk/medicine-vet-medicine/about/history/women/sophia-jex-blake-and-the-edinburgh-seven Todd, Margaret. “The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Macmillan. 1918. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

15 Touko 202437min

Sophia Jex-Blake’s Early Education (Part One)

Sophia Jex-Blake’s Early Education (Part One)

Sophia Jex-Blake was a young English woman who initially pursued a career in teaching before she fell in love with medicine while visiting the U.S. Part one covers the early part of her life and education. Research: Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Sophia Louisa Jex-Blake." Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sophia-Louisa-Jex-Blake Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Elizabeth Garrett Anderson." Encyclopedia Britannica, 12 Feb. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elizabeth-Garrett-Anderson Drysdale, Neil. “UK’s first female students posthumously awarded their medical degrees in Edinburgh.” The Press and Journal. July 6, 2019. https://www.pressandjournal.co.uk/fp/news/1790307/uks-first-female-students-posthumously-awarded-their-medical-degrees-in-edinburgh/ Edmunds, Percy James. “The Origin Of The London School Of Medicine For Women.” The British Medical Journal, vol. 1, no. 2620, 1911, pp. 659–60. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25285883. Accessed 30 Apr. 2024. Campbell, Olivia. “The Queer Victorian Doctors Who Paved the Way for Women in Medicine.” History. June 1, 2021. https://www.history.com/news/queer-victorian-doctors-women-medicine Jex-Blake, Sophia. “Medical Women.” Edinburgh. WILLIAM OLIPHANT & Co. 1872. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/52297/52297-h/52297-h.htm Kelly, Laura, Dr. “The 1896 ‘Enabling Act.’” Women’s Museum of Ireland. https://www.womensmuseumofireland.ie/exhibits/1876-enabling-act “Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Somerset Standard. July 26, 1918. https://www.newspapers.com/image/806751302/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake Lutzker, Edythe. “Women Gain a Place in Medicine.” New York. McGraw-Hill. 1969. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/womengainplacein00lutz/page/n1/mode/2up Ogilve, Marilyn Bailey. “Women in Science.” MIT Press. 1986. “Sophia Jex-Blake.” Birmingham Post. Jan. 20, 1940. https://www.newspapers.com/image/784125734/?match=1&terms=sophia%20jex-blake “Sophia Jex-Blake and the Edinburgh Seven.” University of Edinburgh. Jan. 23, 2024. https://www.ed.ac.uk/medicine-vet-medicine/about/history/women/sophia-jex-blake-and-the-edinburgh-seven Todd, Margaret. “The Life of Sophia Jex-Blake.” Macmillan. 1918. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

13 Touko 202435min

SYMHC Classics: A Culinary History of Spam

SYMHC Classics: A Culinary History of Spam

This 2014 episode covers the invention of the canned meat known as Spam. The Hormel Foods product was invented in the 1930s to make use of a surplus of shoulder meat from pigs, and was an instant hit in the U.S. and abroad.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

11 Touko 202428min

Behind the Scenes Minis: Mixed Bag of Bananas

Behind the Scenes Minis: Mixed Bag of Bananas

Holly and Tracy discuss George Heye using his senior thesis to drink beer and how his collection was almost purchased by Ross Perot. They also discuss Maria Orosa and the types of bananas used to make banana ketchup. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

10 Touko 202431min

Maria Y. Orosa & the Food of the Philippines

Maria Y. Orosa & the Food of the Philippines

Maria Ylagan Orosa was born in the Philippines, and she spent her life working to eliminate food insecurity there. She revived the use of locally available ingredients, and wrote recipes that are found in Filipino cuisine today.  Research: "Maria Orosa." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2023. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EQFOIO615521998/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8d615f86. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024. Bentley, Amy. “How Ketchup Revolutionized How Food Is Grown, Processed and Regulated.” Smithsonian. 6/4/2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/how-ketchup-revolutionized-how-food-is-grown-processed-regulated-180969230/ Butler, Stephanie. “The Surprisingly Ancient History of Ketchup.” History. 8/15/2023. https://www.history.com/news/ketchup-surprising-ancient-history Campbell, Olivia. “Fighting Colonialism with Food.” Beyond Curie. 3/20/2022. https://oliviacampbell.substack.com/p/fighting-colonialism-with-food Elias, Megan. “The Palate of Power: Americans, Food and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War.” Material Culture, Vol. 46, No. 1, Special Issue: Food as Material Culture (Spring 2014). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24397643 Gandhi, Lakshmi. “Ketchup: The All-American Condiment That Comes From Asia.” 12/3/2013. Code Switch. https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2013/12/02/248195661/ketchup-the-all-american-condiment-that-comes-from-asia Garcia, Evelyn del Rosario and Mario E. Orosa. “The Last Days of Maria Y. Orosa.” http://orosa.org/The%20Last%20Days%20of%20Maria%20Y.%20Orosa.pdf "Grave marker revives interest in WWII heroine Maria Orosa." Philippines Daily Inquirer [Makati City, Philippines], 16 Feb. 2020, p. NA. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A614090024/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=be1e4b8d. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024. Lady Science. “Maria Ylagan Orosa and the Chemistry of Resistance.” 2020. https://www.ladyscience.com/features/maria-ylagan-orosa-chemistry-of-resistance "Maria Y. Orosa: Food hero." Philippines Daily Inquirer [Makati City, Philippines], 21 Dec. 2022, p. NA. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A730825601/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=813ad541. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024. "Maria Y. Orosa: In peace and war." Manila Bulletin, 11 Feb. 2005. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A128362909/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fb5c5ed3. Accessed 17 Apr. 2024. Mydans, Seth. “Overlooked No More: Maria Orosa, Inventor of Banana Ketchup.” New York Times. 9/29/2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/29/obituaries/maria-orosa-overlooked.html National World War II Museum. “July 4, 1946: The Philippines Gained Independence from the United States.” 7/2/2021. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/july-4-1946-philippines-independence Orosa del Rosario, Helen. “The Recipes of Maria Y. Orosa.” UP Home Economics Foundation. 1970. Pan-Pacific Union. “Food Preservation in the Philippines.” Bulletin, Issues 63-130. https://books.google.com/books?id=yLcVAQAAIAAJ Rampe, Amelia. “She Invented Banana Ketchup & Saved Thousands of Lives. Why Have We Never Heard of Her?” Food52. 3/16/2022. https://food52.com/blog/24700-maria-orosa-profile Republic of the Philippines National Nutrition Council. “The Filipina Nutrition Heroine: Maria Y. Orosa.” 3/2/2020. https://www.nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/mindanao/region-xi-davao-region/3644-the-filipina-nutrition-heroine-maria-y-orosa Smith, Eliza. “The compleat housewife: or, Accomplish'd gentlewoman's companion.” Williamsburg [Va.]:: Printed and sold by William Parks., 1742. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?cc=evans;c=evans;idno=N04107.0001.001;node=N04107.0001.001:4;rgn=div1;view=text Springate, Megan E. “Maria Ylagan Orosa.” National Parks Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/maria-ylagan-orosa.htm The Phillipine Herald, Volume 2, Issues 1-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=T2sWAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA24&dq=maria+orosa&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk99T7-MuFAxXsrokEHb-MBUA4ChDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=maria%20orosa&f=false United States. Bureau of Agricultural Chemistry and Engineering. “Information on soybean milk.” USDA. 1936. https://archive.org/details/CAT31009527 Wester, Peter Johnson. “The Food Plants of the Philippines.” The Philippines Bureau of Printing, 1925. https://books.google.com/books?id=o9FUbKMc4AgC Wiggins, Jasmine. “How Was Ketchup Invented?” National Geographic. 4/21/2024. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/how-was-ketchup-invented Zuras, Matthew. “A History of Ketchup, America’s Favorite Condiment.” Epicurious. 6/30/2023. https://www.epicurious.com/ingredients/history-of-ketchup Chuong, Dang Van. “Education in Southeast Asia From the Second Half of the 19th Century to the Early 20th Century.” US-China Education Review B, April 2018, Vol. 8, No. 4. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

8 Touko 202445min

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