Horace Fletcher, the Great Masticator

This pirate lived in the 13th century and was connected to some major events in British and French history. During his lifetime he was so notorious that people would tell kids that if they were bad Eustice the Monk would come to take them away. Research: "Battle of Sandwich." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 15 Feb. 2024. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FBattle-of-Sandwich%2F641336&ebboatid=9265899. Accessed 15 Aug. 2024. Burgess, Glyn. “Two Medieval Outlaws: Eustice the Monk and Fouke Fitz Waryn.” D.S. Brewer. St. Edmundsbury Press. 1997. Cannon, Henry Lewin. “The Battle of Sandwich and Eustace the Monk.” The English Historical Review , Oct., 1912, Vol. 27, No. 108 (Oct., 1912). Via JSOTR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/550984 Carpenter, D.A. “Eustice the Monk.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/37400 Isaac, Steven. “The Battle of Sandwich.” Medieval Warfare , SEP / OCT 2017, Vol. 7. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578184 Kelly, Thomas E., Stephen Knight and Thomas H. Ohlgren. “Eustache the Monk: Introduction.” from: Robin Hood and Other Outlaw Tales TEAMS Middle English Texts Series.  https://d.lib.rochester.edu/teams/text/eustache-the-monk-introduction Lehr, Peter. “Eustace the Monk: Banditry, Piracy and the Limits of State Authority in the High Middle Ages.” Historical Sociology. Vol. 34, Issue 3. September 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/johs.12347 McGlynn, Sean. “Scourge of the Seas.” Medieval Warfare , 2012, Vol. 2, No. 6. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48578143 Wright, Thomas. “Essays on subjects connected with the literature, popular superstitions, and history of England in the Middle Ages.” London : J.R. Smith. 1846. https://archive.org/details/essaysonsubjects02wrig/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

28 Elo 202436min

Johannes Hevelius and his second wife and collaborator, Elisabetha were the 17th-century's astronomy power couple. For one, they had a personal observatory that was considered one of the most important in all Europe. Research: Ashworth, Dr. William B., Jr. “Elizabeth Hevelius.” Linda Hall Library. Dec. 22, 2017. https://www.lindahall.org/about/news/scientist-of-the-day/elisabeth-hevelius/ Bernardi, G. (2016). Elisabetha Catherina Koopman Hevelius (1647–1693). In: The Unforgotten Sisters. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26127-0_11 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Johannes Hevelius". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Mar. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Johannes-Hevelius Cartwright, Mark. “Johannes Hevelius.” World History Encyclopedia. Oct. 6, 2023. https://www.worldhistory.org/Johannes_Hevelius/ Laundau, Elizabeth. “The 17th-Century Astronomer Who Made the First Atlas of the Moon.” Smithsonian. Dec. 27, 2018. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/17th-century-astronomer-who-made-first-atlas-moon-180971103/ O’Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. “Johannes Hevelius.” MacTutor. School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews, Scotland. December 2008. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hevelius_Johannes/ O’Connor, J.J. and E.F. Robertson. “Catherina Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius.” MacTutor. School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of St Andrews, Scotland. December 2008. https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Hevelius_Koopman/ Waniszewska C. “Johannes Hevelius: Polish Seventeenth-Century Brewer and Astronomer.” International Astronomical Union Colloquium. 1988;98:26-27. doi:10.1017/S0252921100092083 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

26 Elo 202433min

This 2020 episode explores the history of waffles, from early grain cakes all the way up to their modern proliferation on tables and as street foods around the world.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

24 Elo 202429min

Tracy talks about the many requests the show has gotten for a Mammoth Cave episode and she and Holly discuss claustrophobia. They also consider all of the drama in Domenica Guillaume Walter's life.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

23 Elo 202427min

Domenica Guillaume Walter’s life was full of drama and scandal. She was accused of attempted murder, blackmail, and forgery as she tried to maintain control of her late husband’s art collection. Research: Bondar, Yaroslava. “Domenica Guillaume Walter's Crimes of Dispassion.” Cultured. 3/21/2023. https://www.culturedmag.com/article/2023/03/21/domenica-guillaume-walter-art-scandal By ROBERT C. DOTY, Special to The New York Times. "THE PARIS SCANDALS: INTRIGUE IN HIGH PLACES." New York Times (1923-), Feb 08 1959, p. 1. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Clerc, Christine. “L’Étonnante Histoire de la Collection Walter-Guillaume a l’Orangerie.” Revue des Deux Mondes. February 2020. Via JSTOR. URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26891298 Fraquelli, Simonetta and Cindy Kang. “Marie Laurencin: Sapphic Paris.” The Barnes Foundation, Philadelphia. Yale University Press. HARRISS, JOSEPH A. "THE Pygmalion OF THE AVANT-GARDE : WHILE THE ART ESTABLISHMENT SCOFFED AT MODERN PAINTING, PAUL GUILLAUME AMASSED ONE OF THE WORLD'S FINEST COLLECTIONS, NOW TRAVELING IN NORTH AMERICA." Smithsonian, vol. 31, no. 8, Nov. 2000, p. 88. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A66278406/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=6623725e. Accessed 7 Aug. 2024. Mahler, Luise, "Paul Guillaume," The Modern Art Index Project (January 2015), Leonard A. Lauder Research Center for Modern Art, The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://doi.org/10.57011/WMTE1884 Musée de l'Orangerie. “History of the collection.” https://www.musee-orangerie.fr/en/collection/les-arts-a-parishistory-of-the-collection Musée de l'Orangerie. “Musée de l'Orangerie: catalogue of the Jean Walter et Paul Guillaume collection.” Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux. 1987. https://archive.org/details/musedelorangerie0000muse/ Richardson, John. “Crimes of the Art.” Vanity Fair. 4/5/2012. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2001/03/domenica-guillaume-walter-art-scandal Snell, David. “France Again Enjoys a Notable Scandal.” Life. 3/16/1959. Special Correspondent of the Post-Dispatch. “Murder for $160,000,000?” St. Louis Post-Dispatch. 4/19/1959. Special to The New York Times. "LACAZE AFFAIR REVIVED: REST OF ALLEGED MURDER MONEY SURRENDERED IN PARIS." New York Times (1923-), Jul 08 1959, p. 3. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Special to The New York Times. "LACAZE CHARGES CUT: TWO ACCUSATIONS IN AFFAIR OF PARIS FAMILY DROPPED." New York Times (1923-), Jun 15 1960, p. 6. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Special to The New York Times. "PHYSICIAN JAILED IN PARIS SCANDAL: DOCTOR-FRIEND OF WEALTHY WIDOW REPORTED ACCUSED OF PLOT TO KILL STEPSON." New York Times (1923-), Mar 14 1959, p. 5. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024 . Special to The New York Times. "SENSATIONAL CASE STIRS PARIS ANEW: RICH WIDOW SEES BLACKMAIL AIMED AT HER IN LACAZE CONSPIRACY CHARGE." New York Times (1923-), Feb 06 1959, p. 7. ProQuest. Web. 8 Aug. 2024. “Foreign News: The Lacaze Labyrinth.” 3/9/1959. https://time.com/archive/6888465/foreign-news-the-lacaze-labyrinth/ “FRANCE: LAffaire Lacaze.” 2/2/1959. https://time.com/archive/6829115/france-laffaire-lacaze/ Murrell, Denise. “African Influences in Modern Art.” In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/aima/hd_aima.htm (April 2008) See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

21 Elo 202442min

In the 19th century, Kentucky's Mammoth Cave launched an entire, very competitive cave tourism industry in the area, In 1925, Floyd Collins was trapped in the cave system, which was the beginning of the end of the cave wars. Research: Algeo, Katie. "Mammoth Cave and the making of place." Southeastern Geographer, vol. 44, no. 1, May 2004, pp. 27+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A119615129/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f1adfa5b. Accessed 29 July 2024. Bullitt, Alexander Clark. “Rambles in the Mammoth Cave, During the Year 1944, By a Visitor.” Louisville, KY. Morton & Griswold. 1945. Butler, Telia. “Throwback Thursday – The Kentucky Cave Wars.” WNKY News 40. 3/25/2201. https://www.wnky.com/throwback-thursday-the-kentucky-cave-wars/ Courier-Journal. “Cave Company is Cited by Dawson.” The Courier-Journal. 7/24/1927. https://www.newspapers.com/image/107046993/ Lanzendorfer, Joy. “Enslaved Tour Guide Stephen Bishop Made Mammoth Cave the Must-See Destination It Is Today.” Smithsonian. 2/6/2019. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/enslaved-tour-guide-stephen-bishop-made-mammoth-cave-must-see-destination-it-today-180971424/ McGraw, Eliza. “How the Kentucky Cave Wars Reshaped the State’s Tourism Industry.” Smithsonian. 7/25/2023. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-the-kentucky-cave-wars-reshaped-the-states-tourism-industry-180982585/ Meloy, Harold. “Short Legal History of Mammoth Cave.” National Parks Service. https://npshistory.com/brochures/maca/short-legal-history.pdf "Mammoth Cave National Park." Britannica Library, Encyclopædia Britannica, 4 Sep. 2015. libraries.state.ma.us/login?eburl=https%3A%2F%2Flibrary.eb.com&ebtarget=%2Flevels%2Freferencecenter%2Farticle%2FMammoth-Cave-National-Park%2F50412&ebboatid=9265652. Accessed 29 Jul. 2024. National Park Service. “Early Native Americans.” Mammoth Cave. https://www.nps.gov/maca/learn/historyculture/native-americans.htm National Park Service. “Floyd Collins.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/floyd-collins.htm National Park Service. “George Morrison.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/george-morrison.htm National Park Service. “Prehistoric Cave Discoveries.” https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/prehistoric-cave-discoveries.htm National Park Service. “Stephen Bishop.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/people/stephen-bishop.htm National Park Service. “The Kentucky Cave Wars.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/the-kentucky-cave-wars.htm National Park Service. “Tragedy at Sand Cave.” Mammoth Cave National Park. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/tragedy-at-sand-cave.htm Ohlson, Kristin. “The Bransfords of Mammoth Cave.” American Legacy. Spring 2006. https://www.kristinohlson.com/files/mammoth_cave-2.pdf Schmitzer, Jeanne Cannella. “CCC Camp 510: Black Participation in the Creation of Mammoth Cave National Park.” The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society , Autumn 1995, Vol. 93, No. 4 (Autumn 1995). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23383772 Sides, Stanley D. and Harold Meloy. “The Pursuit of Health in the Mammoth Cave.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine , JULY-AUGUST 1971, Vol. 45, No. 4 (JULY AUGUST 1971). https://www.jstor.org/stable/44450082 Tabler, Dave. “The Kentucky Cave Wars.” Appalachian History. 4/19/2017. https://www.appalachianhistory.net/2017/04/kentucky-cave-wars.html Trowbridge, John. “The Kentucky National Guard and the William Floyd Collins Tragedy at Sand Cave.” 2/10/2021. Kentucky National Guard. https://ky.ng.mil/News/Article/2648067/the-kentucky-national-guard-and-the-william-floyd-collins-tragedy-at-sand-cave/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

19 Elo 202438min

This 2017 episode was originally a two-parter about Marie Antoinette's hairdresser, Léonard Autié. Léonard set the styles of France during King Louis XVI's reign, and his story and his fate was tied to that of the nobility.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

17 Elo 202448min

Holly talks about Quisling's intellect and why her neighborhood crows are angry with her. She and Tracy also discuss peer pressure, personal style, and hair salon stories.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

16 Elo 202430min