#113 – Manolis Kellis: Human Genome and Evolutionary Dynamics

Diana Walsh Pasulka is a professor of philosophy and religion at UNCW and author of American Cosmic: UFOs, Religion, and Technology. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free shipping - Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium - Business Wars: https://wondery.com/business-wars/ - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Diana's Website: https://uncw.edu/par/faculty/faculty-pasulka.html American Cosmic (book): https://amzn.to/3aK2kaj PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:28) - What is real? (13:56) - Can beliefs become reality? (18:59) - Donald Hoffman (22:57) - Immanuel Kant's Critique of Pure Reason (26:27) - Ayn Rand (33:25) - How do religions start? (48:38) - Religion is an evolutionary advantage (53:59) - Religion used in propaganda (58:32) - What did Nietzsche mean by "God is Dead"? (1:03:59) - American Cosmic (1:07:45) - What do aliens look like? (1:16:28) - History of space programs (1:19:30) - Jacques Vallee (1:28:55) - Artificial intelligence (1:34:25) - Ufology community (1:45:38) - Psychedelics (1:49:35) - Tic Tac UFO (1:58:09) - Roswell UFO incident (2:09:14) - Bob Lazar (2:12:50) - Monoliths in the desert (2:23:39) - Humans will co-evolve with AI (2:26:58) - Neuralink (2:31:48) - Singularity (2:41:39) - Books: Nietzsche (2:46:44) - Books: Hannah Arendt (2:51:43) - Fear of death (2:56:11) - Meaning of life

28 Joulu 20203h 1min

Charles Isbell is the Dean of the College of Computing at Georgia Tech. Michael Littman is a computer scientist at Brown University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 2 for price of 1 - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Charles's Twitter: https://twitter.com/isbellHFh Charles's Website: https://www.cc.gatech.edu/~isbell/ Michael's Twitter: https://twitter.com/mlittmancs Michael's Website: https://www.littmania.com/ Michael's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/mlittman PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:51) - Is machine learning just statistics? (12:14) - NeurIPS vs ICML (14:30) - Data is more important than algorithm (20:14) - The role of hardship in education (28:57) - How Charles and Michael met (33:30) - Key to success: never be satisfied (36:47) - Bell Labs (48:15) - Teaching machine learning (58:25) - Westworld and Ex Machina (1:06:24) - Simulation (1:13:14) - The college experience in the times of COVID (1:41:52) - Advice for young people (1:48:44) - How to learn to program (2:00:07) - Friendship

26 Joulu 20202h 3min

Dmitri Dolgov is the CTO of Waymo, an autonomous vehicle company. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Tryolabs: https://tryolabs.com/lex - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Waymo's Twitter: https://twitter.com/waymo Waymo's Website: https://waymo.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:46) - Computer games (12:52) - Childhood (15:24) - Robotics (16:14) - Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (18:26) - DARPA Urban Challenge (28:46) - Waymo origin story (44:27) - Waymo self-driving hardware (53:00) - Connected cars (58:53) - Waymo fully driverless service in Phoenix (1:03:14) - Getting feedback from riders (1:11:28) - Creating a product that people love (1:17:18) - Do self-driving cars need to break the rules like humans do? (1:24:03) - Waymo Trucks (1:29:41) - Future of Waymo (1:42:53) - Role of lidar in autonomous driving (1:55:53) - Machine learning is essential for autonomous driving (1:59:55) - Pedestrians (2:06:32) - Trolley problem (2:11:00) - Book recommendations (2:22:26) - Meaning of life

20 Joulu 20202h 28min

Michael Mina is an immunologist, epidemiologist, and physician at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Brave: https://brave.com/lex - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Michael's Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmina_lab Michael's Time article: https://time.com/5912705/covid-19-stop-spread-christmas/ Rapid Tests: https://www.rapidtests.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:28) - Interacting between viruses and bacteria (11:42) - Deadlier viruses (15:13) - Will COVID-19 mutate? (16:47) - Rapid testing (34:11) - PCR vs rapid antigen tests (43:55) - Medical industrial complex (47:47) - Lex takes COVID test (54:32) - FDA and cheap tests (57:17) - Explanation of Elon Musk's positive COVID tests (1:04:25) - Role of testing during vaccine deployment (1:07:54) - Public health policy (1:17:34) - A weather system for viruses (1:34:26) - Can a virus kill all humans? (1:40:05) - Engineering a deadly virus (1:44:47) - AlphaFold 2 and viruses (1:50:42) - Advice for young people (1:58:50) - Time as a Buddhist monk (2:04:54) - Meditation (2:12:32) - Meaning of life

19 Joulu 20202h 19min

Matthew W. Johnson is a professor and psychedelics researcher at Johns Hopkins. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Brave: https://brave.com/lex - Neuro: https://www.getneuro.com and use code LEX to get 15% off - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Matt's Twitter: https://twitter.com/Drug_Researcher Matt's Website: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0800020/matthew-johnson Study Website: https://hopkinspsychedelic.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:31) - Introduction to psychedelics (22:33) - Psychedelics expand the mind (25:44) - The priors we bring to the psychedelic experience (29:40) - Elon Musk and first principles thinking (40:10) - DMT (51:32) - Joe Rogan and DMT (57:40) - The nature of drug addiction (1:11:29) - The economics of drug pricing (1:17:44) - Should we legalize all drugs? (1:29:46) - What is the most dangerous drug? (1:32:20) - Does drug prohibition work? (1:36:14) - Cocaine and sex (1:43:15) - Risky sexual decisions (1:54:12) - Psilocybin helping people quit smoking (2:00:30) - Young Jamie (2:22:38) - Participating in a study (2:29:57) - Psychedelics and the human mind (2:37:20) - The future of psychedelics (2:40:01) - Neuralink (2:49:33) - Consciousness (3:02:15) - Panpsychism (3:12:20) - Aliens and DMT (3:22:24) - Mortality (3:32:12) - Meaning of life

14 Joulu 20203h 39min

Michael Littman is a computer scientist at Brown University. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 2 for price of 1 - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Michael's Twitter: https://twitter.com/mlittmancs Michael's Website: https://www.littmania.com/ Michael's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/mlittman PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:43) - Robot and Frank (10:02) - Music (13:13) - Starring in a TurboTax commercial (23:26) - Existential risks of AI (41:48) - Reinforcement learning (1:07:36) - AlphaGo and David Silver (1:17:15) - Will neural networks achieve AGI? (1:29:42) - Bitter Lesson (1:42:32) - Does driving require a theory of mind? (1:51:58) - Book Recommendations (1:57:20) - Meaning of life

13 Joulu 20202h 1min

John Clarke is a BJJ black belt and MMA coach. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Theragun: https://theragun.com/lex to get 30 day trial - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get free shipping - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get $200 off - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Broadway Jiu Jitsu website: https://www.broadwayjiujitsu.com Broadway Jiu Jitsu instagram: https://www.instagram.com/broadwayjiujitsu Please, Allow Me podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/please-allow-me/id1531735873 Please, Allow Me instagram: https://www.instagram.com/please_allow_me_podcast/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:25) - The great American road trip (25:54) - Martial arts and philosophy (28:55) - Real vs fake success on Instagram (39:40) - The brutal honesty of Mike Tyson (44:26) - Breaking your opponent in wrestling (52:32) - Genghis Khan (1:03:38) - It's okay to change your mind (1:08:15) - Why do politicians become inauthentic (1:14:52) - Greatness requires sacrifice (1:17:36) - Whiplash (1:25:44) - Relationships (1:31:21) - Greatest fighters of all time (1:39:02) - Greatest fight of all time (1:53:25) - Khabib Nurmagomedov (1:55:13) - Can Conor McGregor beat Khabib Nurmagomedov? (2:09:29) - Conor vs Khabib 2 (2:16:05) - Will there always be war? (2:17:41) - Future of civilization (2:19:52) - Kids (2:26:37) - The meaning of a "like" on social media (2:35:34) - Starting a podcast (2:54:16) - Book recommendations (2:57:46) - Keeping the independence of solitude

6 Joulu 20203h

Manolis Kellis is a computational biologist at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Cash App: https://cash.app/ and use code LexPodcast to get $10 EPISODE LINKS: Manolis Website: http://web.mit.edu/manoli/ Manolis Twitter: https://twitter.com/manoliskellis Manolis YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCkKlJ5LHrE3C7fgbnPA5DGA PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/LexFridmanPage - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:48) - Music and life (46:21) - The number 42 (52:22) - The question about the meaning of life (55:02) - Are humans unique in the universe? (1:00:46) - Human civilization (1:12:52) - Mars (1:14:45) - Human mind and the abstraction layers of reality (1:25:38) - Neural networks and intelligence (1:32:55) - Ideas as organisms (1:42:19) - Language (1:53:34) - Legacy (2:08:25) - Poems SONGS MENTIONED: [1] Dwros Gewrgiadis - An imoun plousios https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7akZoEQv6jI [2] Grigoris Bithikotsis - Ftoxologia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TyGR24O0KQ8 [3] Sto perigiali to kryfo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-GBPx_GXQw [4] Michael Jackson - Man in the Mirror https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zqe5NP86OCc [5] George Michael - Careless Whisper https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=izGwDsrQ1eQ [6] Gainsbourg with Isabelle Adjani - Pull Marine https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o7MwHGHWgLk [7] Georges Moustaki - Le meteque https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV8fGf-N06A [8] Jacques Brel - Ne me quitte pas https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_bq5mStroM [9] Sting - Englishman In New York https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d27gTrPPAyk [10] Sting - Fragile https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lB6a-iD6ZOY [11] Pink Floyd - The Wall (When the Tigers Broke Free) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l9b9UhFe6Eg [12] Pink Floyd - The Wall (One Of My Turns) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BOay-7aqLks [13] Sting - Russians https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wHylQRVN2Qs [14] Joni Mitchell - Both sides now https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aCnf46boC3I [15] Leonard Cohen - I'm Your Man https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yOnXe8ttmjY [16] Alison Krauss & Union Station - The Lucky One https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcRZ_J_VgNc

30 Marras 20200s