#177 – Risto Miikkulainen: Neuroevolution and Evolutionary Computation

Ishan Misra is a research scientist at FAIR working on self-supervised visual learning. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month – Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Ishan’s twitter: https://twitter.com/imisra_ Ishan’s website: https://imisra.github.io Ishan’s FAIR page: https://ai.facebook.com/people/ishan-misra/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:49) – Self-supervised learning (16:24) – Self-supervised learning is the dark matter of intelligence (20:17) – Categorization (28:50) – Is computer vision still really hard? (32:35) – Understanding Language (42:14) – Harder to solve: vision or language (48:59) – Contrastive learning & energy-based models (52:59) – Data augmentation (57:19) – Fixed audio spike by lowering sound with pen tool (1:05:33) – Real data vs. augmented data (1:09:16) – Non-contrastive learning energy based self supervised learning methods (1:12:54) – Unsupervised learning (SwAV) (1:15:37) – Self-supervised Pretraining (SEER) (1:20:44) – Self-supervised learning (SSL) architectures (1:26:43) – VISSL pytorch-based SSL library (1:29:38) – Multi-modal (1:37:06) – Active learning (1:42:45) – Autonomous driving (1:54:12) – Limits of deep learning (1:58:19) – Difference between learning and reasoning (2:03:26) – Building super-human AI (2:11:14) – Most beautiful idea in self-supervised learning (2:15:02) – Simulation for training AI (2:18:27) – Video games replacing reality (2:19:40) – How to write a good research paper (2:24:08) – Best programming language for beginners (2:25:01) – PyTorch vs TensorFlow (2:28:26) – Advice for getting into machine learning (2:30:31) – Advice for young people (2:32:58) – Meaning of life

31 Heinä 20210s

Zach Bitter is an ultramarathon runner and coach. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Ladder: https://ladderlife.com/lex – Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order – Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Zach’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/zbitter Zach’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zachbitter Zach’s Website: https://zachbitter.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:34) – The marathon mentality (14:43) – The psychology of quitting (25:49) – Variety in ultramarathons (33:04) – What does it take to run 100 miles? (38:27) – Leading ultramarathon events (42:09) – Training and race strategy (44:39) – 100 Mile world record (48:41) – Foot strike variability and cadence (51:29) – The 11 hour barrier (54:57) – The most beautiful thing about running (1:01:19) – Zach’s training regime (1:06:06) – MAF 180 Formula (1:16:31) – Training plans (1:31:30) – Marathons vs. 100 miles (1:40:31) – Zach’s diet philosophy (1:55:19) – Fueling for race day (2:02:34) – Training while fasted (2:06:11) – Embracing the chaos (2:07:41) – 100-Mile treadmill WR (2:11:51) – The legend of Bert Kreischer (2:16:16) – The Transcontinental Run across America (2:33:51) – Who is the greatest endurance athlete of all time? (2:41:04) – Shoe technology in running (2:54:14) – Human limits (2:56:49) – Zach’s biggest obstacles (3:00:34) – Advice for young people

29 Heinä 20213h 6min

Cumrun Vafa is a theoretical physicist at Harvard. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Headspace: https://headspace.com/lex to get free 1 month trial – The Jordan Harbinger Show: https://www.youtube.com/thejordanharbingershow – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Cumrun’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/cumrunv Cumrun’s Website: https://www.cumrunvafa.org Puzzles to Unravel the Universe (book): https://amzn.to/3BFk5ms PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:08) – Difference between math and physics (09:51) – Evolution of quantum mechanics (13:09) – Can mathematics lead humanity off track (14:07) – Beauty in mathematics (19:27) – Philosophers using symmetry (25:20) – How can ancient geometry be used to understand reality (28:32) – Key ideas in the history of physics (31:26) – Einstein’s special relativity (35:03) – Physicists building intuition (43:01) – Best work by Einstein (44:45) – Quantum mechanics (54:47) – Quantum gravity (57:02) – String theory (1:13:11) – 10th Dimension (1:19:48) – Skepticism regarding string theory (1:30:53) – Key figures in string theory (1:35:13) – String Theory’s Nobel Prize (1:38:18) – Edward Witten (1:46:56) – String Theory Landscape & Swamplands (1:55:46) – Theories of everything (2:10:12) – Advice for young people (2:13:14) – Death

26 Heinä 20212h 18min

Anya Fernald is the co-founder of Belcampo farms, chef, and regenerative agriculture expert. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Anya’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/anyafernald Belcampo’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/belcampomeatco Belcampo’s Website: https://belcampo.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:04) – Cooking is an art and a service (10:43) – Food is health (12:45) – Anticipation makes food taste better (14:36) – Lex on breaking the 72 hour fast (18:47) – Falling in love with cooking (20:28) – Alienation during the diet (23:09) – Cooking advice for minimalists (29:14) – Complexity of coconut oil (32:35) – Anya’s favorite meal (39:17) – Sources of heat (41:46) – Why do people freak out about barbecue (44:58) – Does the origin of the meat itself make a difference? (47:06) – What is regenerative farming? (51:16) – AI will be a better farmer than humans (55:17) – Carbon negative farming is possible right now (57:04) – Certified Humane (1:00:34) – Evolutionary diet of animals (1:03:17) – Neuralink can help us understand animals (1:07:13) – All grass-fed meat made the same? (1:11:57) – Health benefits of grass-fed beef (1:16:29) – What does it take to be a woman CEO of a meat company? (1:23:57) – Making cheese for Italian mafia (1:27:56) – How to judge a good meal? (1:29:58) – The best meal in the world (1:37:48) – Anya played oboe in the Sicily municipal band (1:39:23) – Hunting has inspired regenerative farming (1:44:07) – Meaning of life (1:45:27) – Advice for young people: grow through discomfort

23 Heinä 20211h 50min

Rick Doblin is a psychedelics researcher and the founder and executive director of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies (MAPS). Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Theragun: https://therabody.com/lex to get 30 day trial – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Rick’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/RickDoblin MAPS: https://maps.org PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:54) – Introduction to psychedelics (11:09) – Psychedelics reveals the inner depths of humans (23:43) – Differences between psychedelics (31:08) – The future of psychedelics (39:52) – Epigenetics (45:49) – DMT (53:16) – Ego dissolution (56:33) – One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest (59:32) – Psychedelics and Creativity (1:03:25) – MKUltra and the Grateful Dead (1:08:04) – Ted Kaczynski (1:13:46) – Timothy Leary (1:21:10) – Good Friday Experiment (1:25:46) – Forming of MAPS (1:37:01) – Gaining access to psychedelics (1:45:30) – MDMA Medical Trials (2:17:00) – Clinical Trials for other substances (2:21:43) – Future of society with psychedelics (2:26:13) – Big Pharma (2:32:32) – Advice for the younger generations (2:38:17) – Meaning of life

21 Heinä 20212h 42min

Konstantin Batygin is a planetary astrophysicist at Caltech. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Squarespace: https://lexfridman.com/squarespace and use code LEX to get 10% off – Literati: https://literati.com/lex – Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off – National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives EPISODE LINKS: Konstantin’s Twitter https://twitter.com/kbatygin Konstantin’s Website https://www.konstantinbatygin.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:17) – Overview of our Solar System (22:14) – What is the Oort Cloud? (27:10) – Life in the interstellar medium (28:42) – Are there aliens out there? (31:22) – How unique is Earth? (34:02) – Did Jupiter destroy early planets? (40:16) – How hard is it to simulate the Universe? (44:49) – Quantum mechanics in evolution of objects in the Solar system (49:15) – Simulating the first formations around the Sun (55:02) – Will it be possible to simulate the full history of the Solar System? (57:23) – How far should we go with the simulation? (59:43) – Increasing immersion in video games (1:06:09) – What is Planet Nine? (1:12:37) – The origin of life (1:15:02) – Evidence of Planet Nine (1:17:32) – Discovery of Neptune (1:18:42) – When will we find Planet Nine? (1:21:21) – Planet Nine throws rocks into the Kuiper Belt (1:25:15) – Could Planet Nine be a primordial black hole? (1:35:20) – Commercial space revolution boosts science and the human condition (1:42:46) – Solving sex in space (1:43:24) – Would humans evolve if we couldn’t see the stars? (1:49:08) – Military funding and science (1:53:11) – Is Oumuamua space junk from a distant alien civilization? (2:06:33) – Wild ideas create the future (2:14:22) – The perfect place to die (2:16:03) – Greatest song of all time (2:22:34) – Music enables science for Konstantin (2:24:51) – Music practice tips for busy people (2:28:41) – Memories of 1990s Russia (2:35:14) – Advice for young people (2:41:10) – Meaning of life

19 Heinä 20212h 45min

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex – Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmalice Michael’s Community: https://malice.locals.com/ Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5tj5QCpJKIl-KIa4Gib5Xw Michael’s Website: http://michaelmalice.com/about/ Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1 The Anarchist Handbook (book): https://amzn.to/3yUb2f0 The New Right (book): https://amzn.to/34gxLo3 Dear Reader (book): https://amzn.to/2HPPlHS Podcast (Round 1): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BIk1zUy8ehU PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:00) – Animal Farm (11:02) – Emma Goldman (14:07) – Albert Camus (15:37) – How to be a hero in Nazi Germany (22:43) – Camus on Existentialism vs Nihilism (28:44) – Cynicism is a lie (33:52) – Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union (54:10) – Lex and Michael argue: can most people think on their own? (1:05:48) – How Lex and Michael use Twitter (1:15:11) – Life is beautiful (1:18:13) – Returning to Ukraine (1:20:07) – Michael is now an underwear model (1:24:13) – The Anarchist Handbook (1:25:59) – Tolstoy was an anarchist (1:38:41) – Anarchy debate between Lex and Michael (2:07:49) – Why Michael doesn’t vote (2:25:04) – Austin and New York (2:33:40) – Alex Jones

15 Heinä 20212h 44min

Roger Reaves is one of the most prolific drug smugglers in history. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Noom: https://trynoom.com/lex – Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free – Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Smuggler (book): https://amzn.to/3xydszD PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:56) – Money (12:17) – Pablo Escobar (19:30) – Jorge Ochoa (27:05) – First time (31:51) – Landing an airplane on the highway (34:41) – Barry Seal (45:05) – Mena, Arkansas (49:58) – Assassination of Barry Seal (1:03:10) – American Made (1:07:22) – Blow (1:09:28) – Story of torture in a Mexican prison (1:14:08) – Getting shot down (1:27:51) – Prison (1:41:34) – Reflections on a life of crime (1:46:51) – Advice for young people (1:49:49) – Love (2:03:09) – Death (2:05:55) – Meaning of life (2:09:58) – Poem

11 Heinä 20212h 15min