Den moderne idekamp og klassikerne
EconRoots20 Huhti 2020

Den moderne idekamp og klassikerne

Har du nogensinde tænkt over, hvad økonomi er for en videnskab?

Hvordan opstod den, og hvem var dens grundlæggere?

Eller har du interesseret dig for moderne diskussioner om samfundet, herunder ulighed, ressourceforbrug eller konkurrence? Hvis dette er tilfældet, er økonomiens teorihistorie vigtig og nyttig for dig. Den type af diskussioner er nemlig mindst lige så gammel som den økonomiske videnskab selv, og du vil i dens rødder også finde rødderne til de moderne argumenter.

Meget moderne debat handler om grundlæggende holdninger til kapitalismen. En fløj hylder vækst og materielle muligheder. De fremhæver, at markedet ikke bare giver os flere ting, det skaber også fred og fritid. Overfor dem står skeptikerne som er bekymret for ulighed, ressourceforbrug og, at vi mister vores inderlighed i jagten på den næste materielle ting i vores liv. Den debat er ikke ny. Det er Den Store Moderne Debat i økonomiens teorihistorie, og i sæsonens fjerde afsnit viser jeg dens rødder ved at tale om Voltaire og Rousseau. Herfra fortsætter jeg med at vise debatten eksemplificeret i to repræsentanter for den klassiske skole. Den ene, Malthus, anerkender kapitalismens innovative kraft men er bekymret for, at den ikke hurtigt nok får os ud af en mangel på ressourcer. Den anden, Ricardo, viser os at der er fælles fordele i, at lande og virksomheder specialiserer sig og handler med hinanden, da effekten af markedet er større end summen af dets dele.

I den humoristiske ende tager jeg min misudtalelse af navne til nye højder, når jeg i kampens hede flere gange udtaler Rousseau som rosé. Glæd dig til at grine over det.

Til dagens afsnit har jeg læst:

Hirschman, A. O. (1977). The Passions and the Interests: Political Arguments for Capitalism before its Triumph. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Malthus, T. (1798). An Essay on the Principle of Population. London.

Muller, J. Z. (2002). Voltaire: "A Merchant of a Noble Kind". In J. Z. Muller, The Mind and the Market: Capitalism in Western Thought (pp. 20-50). New York: Anchor Books.

Rousseau. (1997). The Discourses and other early political writings. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Rousseau, J.-J. (2003). Luxury, Commerce, and the Arts. In H. C. Clark, Commerce, Culture, and Liberty(pp. 392-402). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

Spiegel, H. W. (1991). Ricardian Economics: Liberalism Enthroned. In H. W. Spiegel, The Growth of Economic Thought (pp. 308-312 & 319-331). Durham: Duke University Press.

Stigler, G. (1965). Ricardo and the 93 Per Cent Labor Theory of Value. In G. Stigler, Essays in the History of Economics (pp. 326-404). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Voltaire. (2003). On Commerce and Luxury. In C. H. Clark, Commerce, Culture, and Liberty (pp. 276-281). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

Voltaire. (2003). The Man of the World. In H. C. Clark, Commerce, Culture, and Liberty (pp. 271-275). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

Voltaire. (2003). The Wordling. In C. H. Clark, Commerce, Culture, and Liberty (pp. 265-270). Indianapolis: Liberty Fund.

I like to dedicate this season to my teachers Ole Bruus and Bruce Caldwell. All mistakes and mispronunciations are mine alone and no fault of theirs.

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