Why Africa should act now on explosive weapons in populated areas: Malawi’s case for action

Why Africa should act now on explosive weapons in populated areas: Malawi’s case for action

Across contemporary armed conflicts, the use of explosive weapons in populated areas (EWIPA) has emerged as one of the gravest threats to civilians. Urban centres are increasingly sites of hostilities, where the use of explosive weapons with wide-area effects causes devastating and often predictable harm. In Africa, where rapid urbanization intersects with persistent insecurity in several regions, the humanitarian consequences are particularly acute. Civilians, essential infrastructure, and long-term development prospects are all at risk, raising urgent questions about how international humanitarian law (IHL) can be better implemented in practice. In this post, Brigadier General (Professor) Dan Kuwali, Chief Strategist, Commandant-Emeritus of the National Defence College-Malawi and Chairperson of the Malawi National International Humanitarian Law Committee, argues that African states should urgently endorse and implement the Political Declaration on EWIPA. He argues that this approach is not only a humanitarian imperative, but also a strategic decision that strengthens civilian protection, enhances military credibility, and reinforces Africa’s collective voice in advancing responsible conduct in contemporary warfare.

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Amplifying Pacific voices: the region’s crucial role in advancing IHL

Amplifying Pacific voices: the region’s crucial role in advancing IHL

Pacific Island states have long demonstrated leadership in promoting peace, disarmament, and humanitarian values. From traditional customs that reflect principles contained in contemporary internation...

2 Heinä 15min

The shelter that shone in the distance | Written and Performed by Mamuch Bey

The shelter that shone in the distance | Written and Performed by Mamuch Bey

For the world's more than 120 million forcibly displaced people, the idea of refuge is not an abstraction – it is a horizon, an act of imagination, and sometimes the only thing that keeps hope alive. ...

18 Kesä 4min

African traditions and the protection of children in armed conflict

African traditions and the protection of children in armed conflict

Across Africa, norms regulating the conduct of hostilities long predate the codification of modern international humanitarian law (IHL). The ICRC Tool on African traditions and the preservation of hum...

16 Kesä 12min

We helped individuals while harming persons: what conflict-affected communities deserve beyond beneficiary status

We helped individuals while harming persons: what conflict-affected communities deserve beyond beneficiary status

Conflict and displacement do more than destroy homes, livelihoods, and infrastructure. They also fracture the social relationships through which people sustain dignity, identity, and collective life. ...

11 Kesä 14min

Climate resilience is not optional: what people in fragile, urban settings should expect from WASH

Climate resilience is not optional: what people in fragile, urban settings should expect from WASH

Climate change is intensifying water insecurity in fragile urban settings, where ageing infrastructure, rapid urbanization, and inequality already strain access to essential services. In Peshawar, Pak...

9 Kesä 18min

Life teaches before school does: the invisible curriculum of the super child

Life teaches before school does: the invisible curriculum of the super child

Refugee education is often framed in terms of access, infrastructure, and policy – but for children who grow up inside camps, meaningful learning begins long before they enter a classroom. It unfolds ...

4 Kesä 12min

Collaboration without over-reliance: the role of industry in making military AI "lawful by design"

Collaboration without over-reliance: the role of industry in making military AI "lawful by design"

In the policy debate on artificial intelligence (AI) in the military domain, there is a growing consensus that international humanitarian law (IHL) must be a central consideration in the design of mil...

26 Touko 11min

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