Real Roman History20 Maalis

Episode 5. The Struggle of the Orders, Part One: City Divided

Works CitedPrimary Sources

Appian. Civil Wars. Book I. Later perspective; useful background on debt and agrarian crisis as a recurring structural problem.
Cicero. De Re Publica, Book II.56–63; De Legibus, Book III. Discusses the tribunate and its constitutional role.
Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Roman Antiquities. Books VI–VII. Gives a more detailed account of the negotiations than Livy; attributes a larger role to Sicinius.
Livy. Ab Urbe Condita. Book II, Chapters 23–33. The core narrative of the First Secession, including the Menenius Agrippa episode.
Plutarch. “Life of Coriolanus.” Plutarch’s Lives. Overlapping events; the most vivid literary treatment of patrician-plebeian tensions in the immediate post-Secession years.

Secondary Sources

Cornell, T. J. The Beginnings of Rome. Routledge, 1995. Chapters 10–11. Essential treatment of the Secession and the creation of the tribunate.
Forsythe, Gary. A Critical History of Early Rome. University of California Press, 2005. Chapters 6–7.
Lintott, Andrew. The Constitution of the Roman Republic. Oxford University Press, 1999. Chapters 7–8. The fullest modern treatment of the tribunate and its powers.
Nicolet, Claude. The World of the Citizen in Republican Rome. University of California Press, 1980. On the social context of the early Republic.
Raaflaub, Kurt, ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders. Blackwell, 2005. Key collection; essays by Raaflaub, Cornell, and Richard Mitchell debate the origins of the plebs and the historicity of the Secession.

On the Tribunate

Bauman, Robert A. Lawyers in Roman Republican Politics. Beck, 1983. On the legal dimensions of tribunician intercessio.
Stockton, David. The Gracchi. Oxford University Press, 1979. Chapter 1. Superb background on tribunician power and its evolution across the Republic.

On the Menenius Agrippa Fable

Lloyd, G. E. R. Methods and Problems in Greek Science. Cambridge University Press, 1991. Chapter 11. On the body politic metaphor in ancient thought.
Ogilvie, Robert. A Commentary on Livy, Books 1–5. Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 311–316. Discusses the Greek parallels and the fable’s literary origins.

On Debt and Nexum

Cornell, T. J. The Beginnings of Rome. Pp. 280–283, 333–336.
Finley, Moses. The Ancient Economy. University of California Press, 1973. Foundational.
Garnsey, Peter. Famine and Food Supply in the Graeco-Roman World. Cambridge University Press, 1988.

On Women in the Early Republic

Gardner, Jane. Women in Roman Law and Society. Indiana University Press, 1986.
Treggiari, Susan. Roman Marriage. Oxford University Press, 1991.

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Episode 77. The Origins of Christianity

Works Cited Primary Sources The book of Acts. Composed approximately 80 to 90 CE by the same author as the Gospel of Luke. The principal narrative source for the early Christian community in Jerusalem...

14 Elo 52min

Episode 76. Roman Judaea: From the Covenant to Direct Rule

Works Cited Primary Sources The Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh). The principal source for the pre-Hellenistic period of the Jewish religious tradition. The five books of Torah preserve the foundational mate...

14 Elo 49min

Episode 75. Nero, Part Two: From the Matricide to the Great Fire

Works Cited Primary Sources Cassius Dio. Roman History, Book 62. Greek-language narrative covering this period. Hostile, late, dependent on earlier sources we cannot fully reconstruct. Useful as a che...

14 Elo 35min

Episode 74. Boudicca and the British Revolt

Works Cited Primary Sources Archaeology. The destruction layers at the three burned cities—Camulodunum, Londinium, and Verulamium—constitute the most substantially preserved single-event archaeologica...

4 Elo 38min

Episode 73. Nero, Part One: The Quinquennium

Works Cited Primary Sources Aurelius Victor. De Caesaribus, 5.2. The late-fourth-century source preserving the Trajanic remark about the quinquennium Neronis. The attribution is uncertain and modern s...

4 Elo 47min

Episode 72. Britain: The Province at the Edge of the World

Works Cited Primary Sources Archaeology. The body of archaeological evidence for the Roman conquest of Britain is substantial. The destruction layers at the hill forts of the West Country, including M...

4 Elo 30min

Episode 71. Claudius: The Emperor Behind the Curtain

Works Cited Primary Sources Cassius Dio. Roman History, Book 60. The continuous Greek-language narrative for the full reign. Particularly important for the Britain campaign of 43 CE, where the Tacitea...

4 Elo 57min

Episode 70. Caligula: The Principate Without Restraint

Works CitedPrimary SourcesActa Arvalia for 37 to 41 CE. Fragmentary but informative for the public cult activities and the official framing of the reign.Cassius Dio. Roman History, Book 59. The Greek-...

30 Heinä 50min