#393 Whole Genome Sequencing and Multi-omic Tools Closing the Rare Disease Diagnostic Gap

Despite incredible advances in genetic testing, many patients with suspected rare diseases still spend years searching for answers. In this episode, we explore how whole genome sequencing, paired with emerging multi-omic and multimodal technologies, is helping clinicians move beyond the limits of single-test approaches to deliver clearer, more actionable answers for patients and families.

Joining us in person for this conversation are two experts from Baylor Genetics: Dr. Christine Eng, Chief Medical Officer and Chief Quality Officer, and Chris Sands, Chief Growth Officer. You may remember them from Episode 385, where they joined our ACMG recap episode to discuss Baylor Genetics’ announcement around these evolving technologies.

In this episode, we discuss the growing momentum behind whole genome sequencing in rare disease diagnosis, why some patients remain undiagnosed even after initial testing, and how layered approaches such as optical genome mapping and long-read sequencing may help close that diagnostic gap. We also talk about how a confirmed diagnosis can affect care management, treatment access, and clinical trial eligibility for patients and families.

Topics Covered:

• The growing role of whole genome sequencing in rare disease diagnosis
• How healthcare systems and clinical practices are adopting genome sequencing
• How whole genome sequencing is changing pediatric patient care
• Why some patients remain undiagnosed after initial WGS testing
• The current diagnostic gap in rare disease genetics
• Efforts underway to improve diagnostic yield
• What a multimodal and multi-omic approach looks like in practice
• How optical genome mapping and long-read sequencing complement WGS
• How labs determine when to layer on additional technologies
• The real-world impact of a confirmed diagnosis on treatment and trial access

About Dr. Christine Eng:

Dr. Christine Eng is the Chief Medical Officer and Chief Quality Officer at Baylor Genetics. She also serves as Vice Chair for Diagnostic Laboratory Affairs at Baylor College of Medicine. Dr. Eng has been a pioneer in implementing genomics into clinical practice, and her work is shining a light on how RNAseq and multi-omic approaches are transforming the way we diagnose and care for patients.

About Chris Sands:

Chris Sands is the Chief Growth Officer at Baylor Genetics, where he works closely with healthcare systems, providers, and institutions to expand access to advanced genetic testing. He brings a strong strategic and commercial perspective to the evolving role of genome sequencing in clinical care, particularly in supporting adoption of new technologies that can improve the diagnostic journey for rare disease patients.

Relevant Resources:

• Learn more about Baylor Genetics here
• Baylor Genetics Enhances Whole Genome Sequencing Test with Optical Genome Mapping and Long‑Read Sequencing as Supplemental Technologies
• Baylor Genetics Webinar: From Symptoms to Sequencing: Diagnostic Insights from 3 Pediatric Genome Sequencing Cases
• AAP’s Genetic Evaluation of the Child With Intellectual Disability or Global Developmental Delay: Clinical Report
• Baylor Genetics Applauds New Guidance from American Academy of Pediatrics for Genome and Exome Sequencing to be used as First-Tier Tests for Children with Certain Developmental Delays
• Dr. Christine Eng’s Presentation “How Whole Genome Sequencing Can Lead to Early Diagnosis and Intervention”
• Zhao S, Macakova K, Sinson JC, Dai H, Rosenfeld J, Zapata GE, Li S, Ward PA, Wang C, Qu C, Maywald B; Undiagnosed Diseases Network; Lee B, Eng C, Liu P. Clinical validation of RNA sequencing for Mendelian disorder diagnostics. Am J Hum Genet. 2025 Apr 3;112(4):779-792. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2025.02.006. Epub 2025 Mar 4. PMID: 40043707; PMCID: PMC12081282.
• Undiagnosed Disease Network

Relevant DNA Today Podcast Episode:

#358 AGBT Precision Health 2025 Meeting Recaps and Reflections

#384 Beyond DNA: How RNAseq Resolves VUS and Shortens the Diagnostic Odyssey

#385 Inside ACMG 2026: How AI and New Tools Enhance Genome Sequencing and Equity

#376 Why Females with Fabry Disease Aren’t “Just Carriers”

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