Frederick Banting: Failed Speller, War Surgeon and the Insulin Nobel Split
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Frederick Banting: Failed Speller, War Surgeon and the Insulin Nobel Split

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Frederick Banting was born in 1891 on a farm near Alliston, Ontario, the youngest of five. Shy and bullied, he failed English and French, then failed his first year of general arts at the University of Toronto before switching to medicine. Rejected twice by the army for poor eyesight, he joined the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps, graduated early, and in 1918 served as a frontline surgeon at the Battle of Cambrai, where a sergeant who had just lost a limb shot a German soldier who burst into the aid post. Wounded by shrapnel, Banting kept operating until ordered to stop and earned the Military Cross.

His London, Ontario practice drew almost no patients, so he took part-time teaching work. Prepping a lecture in late October 1920, he read a Moses Barron article and conceived of tying off the pancreatic duct to spare insulin from digestive enzymes. John Macleod gave him an attic lab, dogs and student Charles Best. In January 1922, 14 year old Leonard Thompson became the first human treated. The 1923 Nobel Prize went to Banting, at 32, and Macleod; Banting split his money with Best, and Macleod split his with James Collip.

  • The switch to fetal calf pancreases, which make insulin before digestive enzymes
  • His 1927 Arctic trip with painter A.Y. Jackson and his clash with the Hudson's Bay Company
  • The water-filled G-suit he developed with Wilbur Franks for fighter pilots
  • Testing mustard gas on his own skin and his death after a February 1941 bomber crash in Newfoundland
  • World Diabetes Day on his November 14 birthday and the Flame of Hope lit in 1989

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