The Pirate Bay: How a Raided Website Outlived Its Jailed Founders

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The Pirate Bay began in late 2003 as a project of Piratbyrån, a Swedish anti-copyright think tank whose name means the Piracy Bureau. Its founders, Fredrik Neij, Gottfrid Svartholm, and Peter Sunde, described it as a long-running piece of performance art. The site hosted no movies or music at all. Using the BitTorrent protocol, it worked like a card catalog for an empty library, pointing users to one another's files. Early servers and bandwidth were paid for in part by Carl Lundström, heir to a crispbread fortune.

This episode follows the site through police raids, a landmark trial, and prison terms that failed to shut it down. Each attempt to kill it taught the operators a new way to survive: backup servers, a rotating set of international domains, a nuclear bunker in a Swedish mountain, and finally a switch to magnet links that made the whole database small enough for a thumb drive. It is a case study in what happens when border-based law meets a borderless network.

Swedish police seized the servers in Stockholm on May 31, 2006. The site returned in three days with a logo of a pirate ship firing cannonballs at the Hollywood sign.
An April Fools' post a month earlier had claimed a takedown, so many users assumed the real raid was a recycled joke.
Publicity from the raid lifted registered users from about 1 million to 2.7 million.
In the 2009 trial the founders were convicted of assisting copyright infringement, sentenced to a year in prison each, and later saw damages raised to 46 million kronor.
The operators once tried to buy Sealand, a micronation on a World War II platform in the North Sea, and added a category for 3D-printable objects.

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