Ettore Bugatti: Gasketless Engines, the Type 35 and the 100P Racer

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Ettore Bugatti was born in Milan in 1881 to art nouveau furniture and jewelry designer Carlo Bugatti; his brother Rembrandt was a sculptor. In 1909 he founded his car company in Molsheim, in Alsace, then part of the German Empire, and treated engines as fine objects: mechanics hand-scraped mating surfaces so blocks sealed metal to metal without gaskets, exposed parts got guilloché finishes, and front axles were forged with an opening for the spring to pass through. After World War I, Alsace became French, and less than four months after the Treaty of Versailles he showed three light cars at the 1919 Paris Motor Show, including the overhead-cam Type 13.

The 1924 Type 35 won the first Monaco Grand Prix in 1929 and the Targa Florio five years running from 1925 to 1929, and Bugatti mocked W.O. Bentley's heavy Le Mans winners as the world's fastest trucks. He built Autorail trains with surplus engines from the Type 41 Royale and designed the 100P racing plane with Belgian engineer Louis de Monge. In June 1939 a single Bugatti driven by Jean-Pierre Wimille and Pierre Veyron won Le Mans, but on August 11 his son Jean was killed testing a Type 57 near Molsheim. Ettore died on August 21, 1947, and the original company ceased operations in 1952.

The little Type 10 took the top four places in its first race.
The 100P buried two car engines behind the cockpit, drove counter-rotating propellers and used forward-swept wings.
The plane was hidden in a barn during World War II and never flew.
Romano Artioli bought the name in 1987 and launched the EB110, but the revival went bankrupt by 1995.
Under Volkswagen came the 1,000-horsepower Veyron and the Chiron, which weighs over 4,300 pounds.

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