How to Understand Emotions | Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett

In this episode, I explain how nicotine impacts the brain and body, including its potent ability to enhance attention, focus, and alertness, increase blood pressure and metabolism and reduce appetite. I discuss nicotine’s ability to increase the action of neurochemicals, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine and activate sympathetic (alertness-promoting) neural circuits. I also discuss common nicotine delivery methods, such as cigarettes, vaping, dip, and snuff, and how they each create their own unique experience and how they, but not nicotine itself, cause cancer and other adverse health effects. I also explain science-based tools to permanently quit smoking cigarettes or vaping, including peer-reviewed clinical hypnosis tools, antidepressants, and alternative nicotine replacement (patches, lozenges, gums etc.). As nicotine is one of the most widely used substances with billions of users — most of whom report wanting to quit — this episode ought to be of interest to former/current nicotine users, those who want to quit smoking or vaping and/or those interested in learning the biology behind how nicotine impacts the brain and body. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Nicotine (00:03:41) Tool: Brief Daily Meditation & Focus (00:05:59) The Arrow Model of Focus, Alpha GPC & Garlic Supplements (00:10:05) Sponsor: LMNT (00:14:35) Nicotine Effects vs. Methods of Delivery, Acetylcholine (00:19:55) Where is Nicotine Found? Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (00:25:12) Nicotine & Effects on the Brain: Appetite, Dopamine & GABA (00:29:37) Sponsor: AG1 (00:32:11) Nicotine, Acetylcholine & Attentional “Spotlighting” (00:37:29) Nicotine, Norepinephrine & Alertness/Energy (00:41:10) Nicotine & Effects on Appetite & Metabolism (00:46:47) Nicotine & Effects on Body: Sympathetic Tone (00:51:29) Nicotine & Cognitive Work vs. Physical Performance (00:55:08) Nicotine Delivery Methods & Side Effects, Young People & Dependency (00:58:35) Smoking, Vaping, Dipping & Snuffing: Carcinogens & Endothelial Cells (01:02:34) Smoking, Vaping, Dipping & Snuffing: Negative Impacts on Lifespan & Health (01:09:23) How to Quit Smoking, Nicotine Cravings & Withdrawal (01:13:56) Vaping & Nicotine, Rates of Effect Onset, Dopamine, Addiction & Depression (01:25:06) Tool: Quitting Smoking & Clinical Hypnosis, Reveri (01:30:16) Bupropion (Wellbutrin) & Quitting Smoking (01:36:24) Tool: A Nicotine Replacement Schedule to Quit Smoking, Nicotine Patch/Gum (01:41:52) Tool: Biological Homeostasis & Nicotine Withdrawal, The “First Week” Strategy (01:51:39) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Neural Network Newsletter, Instagram, Twitter, Facebook Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

19 Syys 20221h 50min

My guest is David Anderson, PhD, a world expert in the science of sexual behavior, violent aggression, fear and other motivated states. Dr. Anderson is a Professor of Biology at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), a member of the National Academy of Sciences and an investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). We discuss how states of mind (and body) arise and persist and how they probably better explain human behavior than emotions per se. We also discuss the many kinds of arousal that create varying levels of pressure for certain behaviors to emerge. We discuss different types of violent aggression and how they are impacted by biological sex, gender, context, prior experience, and hormones, and the neural interconnectedness of fear, aggression and sexual behavior. We also discuss peptides and their role in social isolation-induced anxiety and aggression. Dr. Anderson also describes novel, potentially powerful therapeutics for mental health. This episode should interest anyone wanting to learn more about mental health, human emotions, sexual and/or violent behavior.   For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. David Anderson, Emotions & Aggression  (00:03:49) Sponsors: LMNT (00:08:10) Emotions vs. States (00:10:36) Dimensions of States: Persistence, Intensity & Generalization (00:14:38) Arousal & Valence  (00:18:11) Aggression, Optogenetics & Stimulating Aggression in Mice, VMH (00:24:42) Aggression Types: Offensive, Defensive & Predatory  (00:29:20) Evolution & Development of Defensive vs. Offensive Behaviors, Fear (00:35:38) Hydraulic Pressures for States & Homeostasis (00:37:24) Sponsor: AG1 (00:39:46) Hydraulic Pressure & Aggression (00:44:50) Balancing Fear & Aggression (00:48:31) Aggression & Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone & Testosterone (00:52:33) Female Aggression, Motherhood (00:59:48) Mating & Aggressive Behaviors  (01:05:10) Neurobiology of Sexual Fetishes  (01:10:06) Temperature, Mating Behavior & Aggression (01:15:25) Mounting: Sexual Behavior or Dominance? (01:20:59) Females & Male-Type Mounting Behavior (01:24:40) PAG (Periaqueductal Gray) Brain Region: Pain Modulation & Fear  (01:30:38) Tachykinins & Social Isolation: Anxiety, Fear & Aggression  (01:43:49) Brain, Body & Emotions; Somatic Marker Hypothesis & Vagus Nerve  (01:52:52) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, AG1 (Athletic Greens), Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

12 Syys 20221h 52min

In this episode, I provide a list of behavioral, nutritional, and supplement-based tools you can use to improve your ability to get into a focused state to do mental or physical work. I explain science-supported strategies for transitioning into focus, maintaining focus during the work bout, and exiting the focus session, which is also critical, including decompression/defocusing tools. I explain when and how to use: binaural beats, caffeine, deliberate cold exposure, the pros and cons of working in fasted vs. fed states, and supplements and foods that enhance dopamine, epinephrine (i.e., adrenaline) and acetylcholine to promote optimal focus. Also, I explain how short behavioral practices, such as meditation and visual gaze training, will benefit your ability to focus over the long term. As deep focus is crucial to significantly improve cognitive or physical performance in any realm, this episode should be useful to anyone. By the end, you’ll have an essential toolkit of science-supported, low- to zero-cost focus and concentration strategies to select from that can be tailored to your physical and mental performance needs. For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Focus Toolkit  (00:04:42) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT (00:09:37) The “Arrow Model” of Focus: Epinephrine, Acetylcholine & Dopamine (00:15:15) Modulation vs. Mediation, Importance of Sleep (00:18:11) Tool: Binaural Beats to Improve Concentration  (00:20:54) Tool: White, Brown & Pink Noise, Transition to Focused State (00:22:55) Warm-Up for Cognitive Work, Refocusing Attention & Neuroplasticity  (00:26:14) Tool: Ultradian Cycles: Warm-Up, Maintaining Focus & Deliberate Defocusing  (00:31:22) How Many Daily Ultradian Cycles Can One Perform?  (00:32:28) Sponsor: AG1 (00:35:35) Virtusan: Mental & Physical Health Journeys  (00:36:52) Tool: Fasted vs. Fed States & Focus, Prevent an Afternoon Crash, Ketosis (00:45:52) Tool: Foods to Improve Focus & Regulating Food Volume (00:47:53) Tool: Caffeine & Focused Work, Dopamine Efficacy, Alertness (00:52:55) Tool: Stress & Improved Concentration  (00:55:46) Tool: Deliberate Cold Exposure & Focus, Dopamine & Epinephrine  (01:00:39) Layer Focusing Tools & Design Your Own Protocols  (01:01:19) Tool: Short Meditation & Improved Ability to Refocus  (01:07:40) Tool: Yoga Nidra, Non-Sleep Deep Rest (NSDR) & Defocus Periods (01:12:13) Tool: Hypnosis & Focus/Deep Relaxation States (01:16:07) Optimal Time of Day to Use Specific Tools (01:16:46) Tool: Overt Visual Focus & Deliberate Gaze  (01:20:42) Covert Visual Focus; Deliberate Gaze Warm-Up & Focused Work  (01:24:43) Tool: Omega-3 Essential Fatty Acids  (01:27:28) Tool: Creatine Monohydrate  (01:29:10) Tool: Alpha-GPC & Acetylcholine, Increased Risk of Stroke? & Garlic  (01:33:52) Tool: L-Tyrosine Supplements & Food (01:34:47) Combining & Choosing Focus Tools, Variability  (01:36:50) ADHD Prescriptions, Training Neural Circuits, Maintenance & Reduced Dosage (01:39:19) Tool: Optimal Order Approaching Focus Tools, Prescriptions & Dependency  (01:42:56) Tool: Phenylethylamine & Dopamine (01:44:50) Tool: Other Supplements to Enhance Dopamine, Epinephrine & Acetylcholine  (01:46:46) Behavioral, Nutrition & Supplement Tools for Focus (01:49:12) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Momentous Supplements, AG1 (Athletic Greens), Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

5 Syys 20221h 46min

Recently I had the pleasure of hosting two live events, one in Seattle, WA and one in Portland, OR. These events were part of a lecture series called The Brain Body Contract. My favorite part of each evening was the question & answer period, where I had the opportunity to answer questions from the attendees of each event. Included here is the Q&A from our event at the Newmark Theatre. Get notified when new live events are announced: https://hubermanlab.com/tour Thank you to our sponsors Momentous: https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) The Brain Body Contract Q&A (00:01:08) Sponsors: Momentous, InsideTracker (00:01:36) Upcoming Live Events: Los Angeles & New York (00:02:16) What Are the Current Best Practices for Post-TBIs? Thoughts on Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy? (00:08:03) Are There Effective Ways to Decrease Dopamine When You Get Too Much of It? (00:13:50) How and When to Improve Brain Plasticity if You Have 10 Minutes a Day? (00:17:51) How to Use Supplements to Optimize Health When Career Prevents Consistent Routines? (00:21:09) How Is Social Media Changing Our Brains? (00:25:10) What New Piece of Neurological Research Most Excites You? (00:28:35) Do You Believe in the Wim How Method? Does It Work? What's Happening in the Brain? (00:37:08) Can Red Light Therapy Help Treat Exercise Intolerance and Fatigue in Mitochondrial Disease? (00:40:39) Is It Possible to Over Do Ice Baths? (00:46:10) What Are Your Favorite Brain Hacks for Doing Hard Things? (00:48:25) What Do You Fear? How Do You Manage Fear? (00:50:05) Conclusion Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

31 Elo 202251min

My guest this episode is Dr. Erich Jarvis, PhD—Professor and the Head of the Laboratory of Neurogenetics of Language at Rockefeller University and Investigator with the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI). Dr. Jarvis’ research spans the molecular and genetic mechanisms of vocal communication, comparative genomics of speech and language across species and the relationship between speech, language and movement. We discuss the unique ability of humans (and certain animal species) to learn and communicate using complex language, including verbal speech production and the ability to interpret both written and spoken language. We also discuss the connections between language, singing and dance and why song may have evolved before language. Dr. Jarvis also explains some of the underlying biological and genetic components of stutter/speech disorders, non-verbal communication, why it's easiest to learn a language as a child and how individuals can learn multiple languages at any age. This episode ought to be of interest to everyone interested in the origins of human speech, language, music and culture and how newer technology, such as social media and texting, change our brains.  For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Dr. Erich Jarvis & Vocal Communication (00:03:58) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT (00:08:01) Speech vs. Language, Is There a Difference?   (00:10:55) Animal Communication, Hand Gestures & Language  (00:15:25) Vocalization & Innate Language, Evolution of Modern Language     (00:21:10) Humans & Songbirds, Critical Periods, Genetics, Speech Disorders  (00:27:11) Innate Predisposition to Learn Language, Cultural Hybridization (00:31:34) Genes for Speech & Language (00:35:49) Learning New or Multiple Languages, Critical Periods, Phonemes  (00:40:47) Sponsor: AG1 (00:42:52) Semantic vs. Effective Communication, Emotion, Singing (00:47:32) Singing, Link Between Dancing & Vocal Learning  (00:52:55) Motor Theory of Vocal Learning, Dance  (00:55:03) Music & Dance, Emotional Bonding, Genetic Predispositions (01:04:11) Facial Expressions & Language, Innate Expressions (01:09:35) Reading & Writing  (01:15:13) Writing by Hand vs. Typing, Thoughts & Writing (01:20:58) Stutter, Neurogenetics, Overcome Stutter, Conversations (01:26:58) Modern Language Evolution: Texting, Social Media & the Future (01:36:26) Movement: The Link to Cognitive Growth  (01:40:21) Comparative Genomics, Earth Biogenome Project, Genome Ark, Conservation (01:48:24) Evolution of Skin & Fur Color (01:51:22) Dr. Erich Jarvis, Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Momentous Supplements, AG1 (Athletic Greens), Instagram, Twitter Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

29 Elo 20221h 51min

In this episode, I discuss the physiological effects that drinking alcohol has on the brain and body at different levels of consumption and over time. I also describe genetic differences that predispose certain individuals to alcoholism, binge and habit-drinking. I explain alcohol metabolism in simple terms and how it effectively acts as a poison, leading to cellular stress and damage. I then explain that it impacts neuronal function and changes our thinking and behavior – hallmarks of inebriation. I also discuss how alcohol consumption of different amounts impacts inflammation, stress, neurodegeneration, and cancer risk and negatively impacts the gut microbiome, brain thickness, hormone balance, mood and feelings of motivation. Additionally, I discuss the biology of hangovers and describe science-based strategies to mitigate the severity of a hangover. Since alcohol is one of the most widely consumed recreational substances, this episode ought to be of relevance to everyone.  Indeed, even low-to-moderate alcohol consumption negatively impacts the brain and body in direct ways. The goal of this episode is to help people make informed decisions about their alcohol consumption that are in keeping with their mental and physical health goals.  Access the full show notes for this episode at hubermanlab.com. Use Ask Huberman Lab, our new AI-powered platform, for a summary, clips, and insights from this episode. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps 00:00:00 Effects of Alcohol Consumption 00:03:19 Low to Moderate Alcohol Consumption & Neurodegeneration 00:06:14 Sponsors: AG1, LMNT 00:10:46 Historical Context & Uses of Alcohol 00:13:28 Alcohol Metabolism, “Empty Calories” 00:18:23 Inebriation: Top-Down Inhibition, Impulsivity & Memory Formation 00:24:23 Long-Lasting Effects & Impulsivity, Neuroplasticity & Reversibility 00:27:55 Food & Alcohol Absorption 00:30:07 Alcohol & Serotonin, SSRIs & Depression, Risk for Alcoholism, Blackouts 00:37:39 Predisposition for Alcoholism; Chronic Consumption, Cortisol & Stress 00:43:29 Sponsor: AG1 00:46:07 Genetic Predisposition for Alcoholism, Consuming Alcohol Too Young 00:52:27 Gut-Liver-Brain Axis: Alcohol, Gut Microbiome, Inflammation & Leaky Gut 00:59:46 Tool: Improving/Replenishing Gut Microbiome 01:02:44 Reducing Alcohol Consumption & Stress 01:04:25 Hangover: Alcohol & Sleep, Anxiety, Headache 01:12:11 Hangover Recovery, Adrenaline & Deliberate Cold Exposure 01:17:16 Hangover Recovery, Dehydration & Electrolytes 01:20:45 Types of Alcohol & Hangover Severity, Congeners 01:25:25 Alcohol Tolerance, Dopamine & Serotonin, Pleasure-Pain Balance 01:33:36 Are There Any Positive Effects of Alcohol?, Resveratrol 01:35:42 Alcohol & Brain Thickness 01:37:11 Alcohol & Cancer Risk: DNA Methylation, Breast Cancer Risk 01:44:31 Mitigating Cancer Risk, Folate, B Vitamins 01:46:54 Alcohol & Pregnancy, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 01:50:58 Hormones: Testosterone & Estrogen Balance 01:55:09 Negative Effects of Alcohol Consumption 01:58:35 Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

22 Elo 20221h 57min

Recently I had the pleasure of hosting two live events, one in Seattle, WA and one in Portland, OR. These events were part of a lecture series called The Brain Body Contract. My favorite part of each evening was the question & answer period, where I had the opportunity to answer questions from the attendees of each event. Included here is the Q&A from our event in Seattle, Washington at the Moore Theatre. Get notified when new live events are announced: https://hubermanlab.com/tour Thank you to our sponsors Momentous: https://www.livemomentous.com/huberman InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) The Brain Body Contract Q&A (00:01:07) Sponsors: Momentous, InsideTracker (00:01:35) Upcoming Live Events: Los Angeles & New York (00:02:16) What Is Your Most-Used Protocol? (00:04:12) Should You Vary Wake-Up Time Seasonally? (00:06:05) Why Is My Drive Depleted Upon Waking-Up? (00:08:42) What Are Your Favorite/Most Impactful Books? (00:12:08) What Excites You About the Future of Mental Health Treatment? (00:17:25) What Is the Biggest Area for Performance Enhancement? (00:21:44) Can You Still Do a Kickflip? (00:22:32) Tips on How to Improve Memory (00:24:54) How Do You Manage Social Media Addiction? (00:27:43) Were You Nervous Tonight/ How Did You Prepare? (00:29:10) Is Learning from Failure Equal to Learning from Success? (00:32:23) When Are You Going to Start Training Jiu-Jitsu? (00:33:28) Discuss the Supplements You Take (00:36:29) Advice or Protocols to Improve Learning & Retention (00:38:42) What Exciting Research/Work are You Doing? (00:40:22) How Does Dopamine Factor into Neuroplasticity? (00:43:12) What Advice Do You Have for Future Scientists? (00:46:47) Is Age 66 Too Old for Neuroplasticity & Learning? (00:48:00) How Do You Read Research Papers? (00:49:40) What is Your Favorite Condiment? (00:50:10) Most Important Takeaway from Your ADHD Research? (00:52:58) What Future Episodes Are in the Pipeline? Title Card Photo Credit: Mike Blabac Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

17 Elo 202256min

My guest this episode is Dr. Peter Attia, M.D., who trained at Stanford University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Attia is host of The Drive podcast and is a world expert on behavioral approaches, nutritional interventions, supplementation and pharmacological techniques to improve lifespan, healthspan and athletic performance. We discuss how best to evaluate your health status using routine blood work, body scans and regular tests of physical strength and endurance. Dr. Attia explains what he uses with his patients to “back-cast” their health goals as a way to design their exercise and nutritional programs. We also discuss hormone modulation and replacement therapy for both men and women. We explain how cholesterol and related factors contribute to cardiovascular disease risk and how to monitor and mitigate that risk. Dr. Attia details various supplementation, nutrition, exercise and prescription approaches useful to people in every decade of life to improve vitality, reduce their risk of disease and increase the number of years sustaining peak cognitive and physical health.  For the full show notes, visit hubermanlab.com. Thank you to our sponsors AG1: https://athleticgreens.com/huberman LMNT: https://drinklmnt.com/hubermanlab Waking Up: https://wakingup.com/huberman Momentous: https://livemomentous.com/huberman Timestamps (00:00:00) Assessing Health Status & Improving Vitality  (00:03:07) Sponsors: AG1, LMNT (00:07:29) Lifespan: Bloodwork & Biomarkers Testing, The “4 Horseman of Disease”  (00:11:51) Healthspan: Functional Testing, Cognitive & Emotional States  (00:13:59) Blood Testing: Best Frequency  (00:16:01) DEXA Scan: Lean Mass & Fat, Bone Mineral Density & Osteoporosis  (00:22:33) Bone Mineral Density & Age-Related Decline, Strength Training, Corticosteroids  (00:29:24) Osteopenia & Osteoporosis Diagnosis, Strength Training (00:29:52) Sponsor: AG1 (00:32:16) Back-casting: Defining Your “Marginal Decade”  (00:38:31) All-Cause Mortality: Smoking, Strength, VO2 max  (00:44:43) Attia’s Rule of Supplementation, “Centenarian Decathlete” Physical Goals (00:49:24) Importance of Exercise, Brain Health, MET hours  (00:55:23) Nicotine & Cognitive Focus (01:03:12) Menstruation, PMS & Menopause  (01:10:10) Hormone Replacement Therapy, Menopause & Breast Cancer Risk (01:22:06) Estrogen, Progesterone & Testosterone Therapies in Women (01:26:35) Hormone Replacement Therapy in Men, SHBG & Testosterone, Insulin (01:37:23) Clomid, Pituitary, Testosterone & Cholesterol, Anastrozole, HCG (01:47:46) Fadogia Agrestis, Supplements, Rapamycin  (01:52:06) Testosterone Replacement Therapy & Fertility  (01:59:26) Total Testosterone vs. Free Testosterone (02:02:51) Cholesterol & Dietary Cholesterol, Saturated Fat, LDL & HDL, Apolipoprotein B (02:17:42) Apolipoprotein B, Diet, Statins & Other Cholesterol Prescriptions  (02:25:15) Cardiovascular Disease, Age & Disease Risk  (02:28:53) Peptides, Stem Cells, BPC157, PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma), Injury Rehabilitation  (02:37:40) Metabolomics & Exercise  (02:40:44) GLP-1 & Weight Loss  (02:47:06) Zero-Cost Support, YouTube Feedback, Spotify & Apple Reviews, Sponsors, Momentous Supplements, Instagram, Twitter, Neural Network Newsletter, Huberman Lab Clips Disclaimer Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

15 Elo 20222h 47min