Iodized Salt

People started adding iodine to salt because in some parts of the world serious, chronic iodine deficiency was incredibly widespread, which was causing a range of health issues. But how was that solution arrived at?

Research:

• "Iodine." World of Chemistry, Gale, 2000. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2432500388/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=42a73bea. Accessed 17 May 2024.
• "Iodine." World of Scientific Discovery, Gale, part of Cengage Group, 2007. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV1648500324/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=fabf4422. Accessed 17 May 2024.
• Bishai, David and Ritu Nalubola. “The History of Food Fortification in the United States: Its Relevance for Current Fortification Efforts in Developing Countries.” Economic Development and Cultural Change , Vol. 51, No. 1 (October 2002). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/345361
• Cameron, A.T. “Iodine Prophylaxis and Endemic Goitre.” Canadian Public Health Journal, Vol. 21, No. 11 (NOVEMBER, 1930). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41976052
• Cameron, A.T. “Iodine Prophylaxis and Endemic Goitre.” Canadian Public Health Journal, Vol. 21, No. 10 (OCTOBER, 1930). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41976030
• Cavanaugh, Ray. “How the arrival of iodized salt 100 years ago changed America.” Washington Post. 5/1/2024. https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2024/05/01/iodized-salt-100-years-deficiency/
• Feyrer, James et al. “The Cognitive Effects of Micronutrient Deficiency.” Journal of the European Economic Association, April 2017. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/90023421
• Goodman, Johnah. “A National Evil: Jonah Goodman on the curse of the goitre in Switzerland.” London Review of Books. 11/30/2003. https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n23/jonah-goodman/a-national-evil
• Kimball, O.P. “History of the Prevention of Endemic Goitre.” Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 1953.
• Kohn, Lawrence. “Goiter, Iodine and George W. Goler: The Rochester Experiment.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 49, No. 3 (FALL, 1975). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44450239
• Leung, Angela M et al. “History of U.S. iodine fortification and supplementation.” Nutrients vol. 4,11 1740-6. 13 Nov. 2012, doi:10.3390/nu4111740
• Markel, H. “’When it rains it pours’: endemic goiter, iodized salt, and David Murray Cowie, MD.” American journal of public health vol. 77,2 (1987): 219-29. doi:10.2105/ajph.77.2.219
• Markel, Howard. “A grain of salt.” The Milbank quarterly vol. 92,3 (2014): 407-12. doi:10.1111/1468-0009.12064
• McIntire, Tracey. “Gunpowder and Seaweed: The Story of Iodine.” National Museum of Civil War Medicine. 10/19/2022. https://www.civilwarmed.org/story-of-iodine/
• Newton, David E. "Iodine." Chemical Elements, edited by Kathleen J. Edgar, 2nd ed., UXL, 2010. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2640200041/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a54dec8e. Accessed 17 May 2024.
• Niazi, Asfandyar Khan et al. “Thyroidology over the ages.” Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism vol. 15,Suppl 2 (2011): S121-6. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.83347
• Olsen, Robert. “Endemic Goiter in Switzerland: A Review of Recent Contributions to Its Etiology, Incidence, and Prevention.” Public Health Reports (1896-1970) , Jun. 9, 1933. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/4580807
• Pearce, Elizabeth N. “Is Iodine Deficiency Reemerging in the United States?” AACE Clinical Case Reports. Volume 1, Issue 1, Winter 2015. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2376060520303680
• Stanbury, John, and John T. Dunn. "Iodine." Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, edited by Solomon H. Katz, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003, pp. 281-283. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3403400349/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=12f688cc. Accessed 17 May 2024.
• Zimmermann, Michael B. and Maria Andersson, GLOBAL ENDOCRINOLOGY: Global perspectives in endocrinology: coverage of iodized salt programs and iodine status in 2020, European Journal of Endocrinology, Volume 185, Issue 1, Jul 2021, Pages R13–R21, https://doi.org/10.1530/EJE-21-0171
• Zoltan, Melanie Barton. "Salt." Food: In Context, edited by Brenda Wilmoth Lerner and K. Lee Lerner, vol. 2, Gale, 2011, pp. 699-702. In Context Series. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1918600212/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=21e3cd86. Accessed 17 May 2024.

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