Effects of Environmental Cues on the Epigenome and Longevity (Paul Shiels)

In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we caught up with Paul Shiels from the University of Glasgow to talk about his work on the effects of environmental cues on the epigenome and longevity.

Paul Shiels and his team focus on the question on how age related health is influenced by the environment. Factors like the socio-economic position, nutrition, lifestyle and the environment can influence the microbiome and the inflammation burden on the body which in turn can alter individual trajectories of ageing and health. The lab also tries to understand the epigenetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that link the exposome to chronic age related diseases of older people. They have shown that (1) imbalanced nutrition is associated with a microbiota-mediated accelerated ageing in the general population, (2) a significantly higher abundance of circulatory pathogenic bacteria is found in the most biologically aged, while those less biologically aged possess more circulatory salutogenic bacteria with a capacity to metabolise and produce cytoprotective Nrf2 agonists, (3) those at lower socioeconomic position possess significantly lower betaine levels indicative of a poorer diet and poorer health span and consistent with reduced global DNA methylation levels in this group.

References

• Harris, S. E., Deary, I. J., MacIntyre, A., Lamb, K. J., Radhakrishnan, K., Starr, J. M., Whalley, L. J., & Shiels, P. G. (2006). The association between telomere length, physical health, cognitive ageing, and mortality in non-demented older people. Neuroscience Letters, 406(3), 260–264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2006.07.055

• Paul G. Shiels, Improving Precision in Investigating Aging: Why Telomeres Can Cause Problems, The Journals of Gerontology: Series A, Volume 65A, Issue 8, August 2010, Pages 789–791, https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glq095

• Mafra D, Ugochukwu SA, Borges NA, et al. Food for healthier aging: power on your plate. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 2022 Aug:1-14. DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2107611. PMID: 35959705.

• Shiels PG, Stenvinkel P, Kooman JP, McGuinness D. Circulating markers of ageing and allostatic load: A slow train coming. Practical Laboratory Medicine. 2017 Apr;7:49-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2016.04.002. PMID: 28856219; PMCID: PMC5574864.

Related Episodes

• Transposable Elements in Gene Regulation and Evolution (Marco Trizzino)

• Epigenetic Clocks and Biomarkers of Ageing (Morgan Levine)

• Aging and Epigenetics (Peter Tessarz)

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