Podcast 530: Anion Gap Acidosis + Metformin Toxicity

Podcast 530: Anion Gap Acidosis + Metformin Toxicity

Contributor: Don Stader, MD

Educational Pearls:

  • The common causes of anion gap metabolic acidosis include (MUDPILES)
    • Metformin, Methanol
    • Uremia
    • DKA
    • Paraldehyde
    • INH/Iron
    • Lactate
    • Ethylene Glycol
    • Salicylate
  • Metformin is a very common drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, however in the right setting, it can cause a profound lactic acidosis. There is a very high mortality rate.
  • Treatment of metformin toxicity includes fluids, bicarb, and dialysis
  • Most commonly, metformin toxicity is in the setting of kidney injury or overdose.
  • Always consider acidosis in those with tachypnea!

References

Re-evaluation of a biguanide, metformin: mechanism of action and tolerability. Sirtori CR, Pasik C Pharmacol Res. 1994;30(3):187.

Bicarbonate haemodialysis as a treatment of metformin overdose.Heaney D, Majid A, Junor B. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1997;12(5):1046.

Extracorporeal Treatment for Metformin Poisoning: Systematic Review and Recommendations From the Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning Workgroup.Calello DP, Liu KD, Wiegand TJ, Roberts DM, Lavergne V, Gosselin S, Hoffman RS, Nolin TD, Ghannoum M, Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning Workgroup Crit Care Med. 2015;43(8):1716.

Metformin accumulation: lactic acidosis and high plasmatic metformin levels in a retrospective case series of 66 patients on chronic therapy.Vecchio S, Giampreti A, Petrolini VM, Lonati D, Protti A, Papa P, Rognoni C, Valli A, Rocchi L, Rolandi L, Manzo L, Locatelli CA Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2014;52(2):129.

Summarized by Will Dewispelaere, MS4 | Edited by Erik Verzemnieks, MD

Jaksot(1145)

Episode 905: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for Influenza

Episode 905: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) for Influenza

Contributor: Aaron Lessem MD Educational Pearls:  Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) is an antiviral medication used commonly to treat influenza Trials show that the medication reduces the duration of illness ...

27 Touko 20242min

Episode 904: Cardiovascular Risks of Epinephrine

Episode 904: Cardiovascular Risks of Epinephrine

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: Epinephrine is essential in the treatment of anaphylaxis, but is epinephrine dangerous from a cardiovascular perspective? A 2024 study in the Journal o...

20 Touko 20242min

Episode 903: Treating Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal

Episode 903: Treating Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: Opioid overdoses that are reversed with naloxone (Narcan), a mu-opioid antagonist, can precipitate acute withdrawal in some patients Treatment of o...

13 Touko 20242min

Episode 902: Liver Failure and Cirrhosis

Episode 902: Liver Failure and Cirrhosis

Contributor: Travis Barlock MD Educational Pearls: How do you differentiate between compensated and decompensated cirrhosis? Use the acronym VIBE to look for signs of being decompensated. V-Volume ...

6 Touko 20243min

Episode 901: Underdosing in Status Epilepticus

Episode 901: Underdosing in Status Epilepticus

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: Lorazepam (Ativan) is dosed at 0.1 mg/kg up to a maximum of 4 mg in status epilepticus Some ED protocols only give 2 mg initially The maximum r...

29 Huhti 20242min

Episode 900: Ketamine Dosing

Episode 900: Ketamine Dosing

Contributor: Travis Barlock MD Educational Pearls: Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist with a wide variety of uses in the emergency department. To dose ketamine remember the numbers 0.3, 1, and 3....

22 Huhti 20242min

Episode 899: Thrombolytic Contraindications

Episode 899: Thrombolytic Contraindications

Contributor: Travis Barlock MD Educational Pearls: Thrombolytic therapy (tPA or TNK) is often used in the ED for strokes Use of anticoagulants with INR > 1.7 or  PT >15 Warfarin will reliably i...

15 Huhti 20243min

Episode 898: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Episode 898: Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy

Contributor: Ricky Dhaliwal, MD Educational Pearls: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, also known as "broken heart syndrome," is a temporary heart condition that can mimic the symptoms of a heart attack, inc...

10 Huhti 20243min

Suosittua kategoriassa Tiede

tiedekulma-podcast
rss-mita-tulisi-tietaa
rss-poliisin-mieli
rss-duodecim-lehti
docemilia
radio-antro
filocast-filosofian-perusteet
rss-ammamafia
rss-luontopodi-samuel-glassar-tutkii-luonnon-ihmeita
rss-sosiopodi
utelias-mieli
rss-astetta-parempi-elama-podcast
rss-tiedetta-vai-tarinaa