#47: 31 July 1914 IV - 'A Finger's Breadth From War'

#47: 31 July 1914 IV - 'A Finger's Breadth From War'

Now that Berlin had accepted that war with Russia was inevitable, it remained to prepare the diplomatic ground.


German diplomacy had worked behind the scenes to court Romania and the Ottoman Empire, but the latter effort bore the most significant fruit. The Italians were less dependable, but there remained precious little time to persuade Austria to grant her the required concessions. And yet, the German ambassador kept seeking a way out when among his Russian peers. The Tsar insisted it was impossible to stop the mobilisation, but was this true? Sazonov might claim that mobilisation did not have to mean war, but could he guarantee this if Austrian troops invaded Serbia?


The scales were falling, but they had not yet hit the ground. Just as the Tsar could not offer clarity, the Kaiser's men were unable to confirm or deny their position on Belgian neutrality, despite knowing the importance of this question in London. Grey's diplomacy had been outpaced by the ultimata from Berlin, but as the hourglass drained, the German ambassador made a final desperate effort to leverage something, anything, which might persuade Russia to stand down. The message from Berlin was plain, even if it was inconsistently expressed - she did not want war, but felt forced into making it. Whether this message would resonate with European opinion, however, was another story.

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Jaksot(744)

#65: 5 August 1914 - 'This Frantic Stampede to Hell'

#65: 5 August 1914 - 'This Frantic Stampede to Hell'

The world was at war, and there was much to do. In London, attention turned to the British Expeditionary Force. The BEF had been ruled out several times before, but that did not have to matter. How ma...

23 Kesä 202545min

#64: 4 August 1914 IV - The Final Countdown

#64: 4 August 1914 IV - The Final Countdown

With only hours left until the ultimatum expired, the mood in London and Berlin was anxious and excited. Was this truly it? Was the Anglo-German relationship now destined to die in a war over Belgium?...

16 Kesä 202536min

#63: 4 August 1914 III - A Mere Scrap of Paper

#63: 4 August 1914 III - A Mere Scrap of Paper

The 1839 Treaty on Belgian neutrality was a mere scrap of paper - that was the phrase which doomed Bethmann Hollweg, and Germany, to moral condemnation. It was the excuse which conquerors of all shape...

9 Kesä 202543min

#62: 4 August 1914 II - The Last Ultimatum

#62: 4 August 1914 II - The Last Ultimatum

No matter what Britain did, it was impossible for Germany to evacuate Belgium. War was inevitable. Why, then, did most of Britain not even realise it?The straightforward image we have in our minds of ...

2 Kesä 202542min

#61: 4 August 1914 I - Into Belgium

#61: 4 August 1914 I - Into Belgium

Germany's invasion of Belgium had finally begun. After several anxious days of negotiations, warnings, and second guessing, Berlin was firmly set on its path. But what path was that? War had been decl...

26 Touko 202535min

#60: 3 August 1914 IV - Who Turned Out The Lights?

#60: 3 August 1914 IV - Who Turned Out The Lights?

In the evening of 3 August, Germany finally declared war on France. The war, Berlin insisted, was caused by hostile French acts, but most knew better. The Italians certainly did. In a series of painfu...

19 Touko 202546min

#59: 3 August 1914 III - House on Fire

#59: 3 August 1914 III - House on Fire

Finally, Sir Edward Grey was ready to make his case to the House of Commons. Parliament had been starved of news for a week, and the press had done their best to fill in the gaps, but the whole countr...

12 Touko 202552min

#58: 3 August 1914 II - Brussels Doubts

#58: 3 August 1914 II - Brussels Doubts

The German ultimatum to Belgium had roused the Brussels government and rallied the nation, but other than this, much was still unclear by the early afternoon of this Bank Holiday Monday. News of Belgi...

5 Touko 202532min

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