64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

64.2 Russo-Turkish War 1788 and the Reforms of Joseph II

The Origins of the French Revolutionary Wars can be dated to 17th August 1787, when in Constantinople the Ottomans arrested the Russian ambassador Count Bulgakov in the Topkapi palace, and declared war on St Petersburg. Catherine the Great had deliberately provoked the Turks and now dragged in the reluctant Austrians into the war. The Austrian Emperor was Joseph II, the archetypal enlightened despot, who worked hard to reform his empire but from the top down. His reforms provoked the so-called Brabantine Revolution 1789-90 in the Netherlands which was similar in some ways to the contemporary French Revolution.


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Music from Joseph Haydn (Symphony 94, 'Surpise'), Christoph Gluck (the opera 'Iphigenie En Tauride') and Mozart (the Turkish March), courtesy of www.musopen.org


Picture - January Suchodolski - the Siege of Ochakov 1788

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74.13 Eastern and Western Fronts 1915

74.13 Eastern and Western Fronts 1915

For the Germans, 1915 was a year that should not have been. Their whole strategy had been based on a quick war, but they now found themselves embroiled in a two-front war – on the eastern front agains...

16 Kesä 202321min

74.12 Turkey and Italy Enter the War, 1915

74.12 Turkey and Italy Enter the War, 1915

The first months of fighting in the First World War had seen no major breakthrough from any side. The Germans had captured about ten percent of France, and reached within sixty miles of Paris, but the...

2 Kesä 202320min

74.11 The Eastern Front 1914

74.11 The Eastern Front 1914

The Russians strike hard against their most powerful enemy, Germany. Austro-Hungary help their German ally although their military forces are under-resourced, in large part because through the years t...

26 Touko 202325min

74.10 The Western Front 1914

74.10 The Western Front 1914

The first main clash of the First World War was on the borders of France and Germany and in Belgium. The Belgians put up more resistance than the Germans expect. However, the Battle of the Frontiers, ...

12 Touko 202317min

74.9 Europe Goes to War 1914

74.9 Europe Goes to War 1914

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne. A month later Austria retaliates by declaring war on Serbia, which in turn brings Russia and the other great powers of Europ...

28 Huhti 202319min

74.8 Countdown to Catastrophe (First World War)

74.8 Countdown to Catastrophe (First World War)

Why did the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand trigger the First World War?I also describe how the long struggle between European powers for mastery in central Africa reaches its climax. www.pa...

14 Huhti 202326min

74.7 The Balkan Wars 1912-13

74.7 The Balkan Wars 1912-13

An analogy often given to the Balkans leading up to the First World War is a tinderbox, awaiting a flame to ignite it and set off a major conflagration across Europe. In fact, the region suffered a la...

7 Huhti 202328min

74.6 Italian Invasion of Libya 1911-12

74.6 Italian Invasion of Libya 1911-12

The Italian invasion of Libya 1911.After initial successes, the Italians face strong resistance against the Ottomans and Libyanswww.patreon.com/historyeuropewww.historyeurope.netMusic composed by Edwa...

17 Maalis 202320min

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