16.2 Tenth Century Spain, Almanzor, Collapse of Umayyad Caliphate
The golden age of Muslim Spain, the military dictatorship of Almanzor, the collapse of the caliphate into petty kingdoms (taifas), Sancho III El Mayor of Navarre, and the rise of Castile and Aragonwww...
10 Touko 201541min
16.1 Fall of Toledo 1085, Part 1, Medieval Spain
The History of early medieval Spain from the Islamic conquest in 711 to the establishment of the magnificent Caliphate of Cordoba, and the first successful Christian resistance which will ultimately l...
2 Touko 201538min
15.1 The Battle of Manzikert 1071
In 1071 the Byzantine Empire, weakened by the mismanagement of a series of weak emperors, suffered a catastrophic defeat at the hands of the Seljuk Turks, newly arrived in the region.www.historyeurope...
29 Maalis 201531min
14.2 The Battle of Hastings 1066, Part 2
The newly crowned King of England, Harold Godwinson faced two invasions within days, firstly from the viking Harold Hardrada in the north, and then William Duke of Normandy on the south coast. This is...
1 Maalis 201527min
14.1 The Battle of Hastings 1066, Part 1
The most famous battle on English soil in 1066, between the Normans and Anglo-Saxons. Part 1 gives a summary of English and Norman history leading up to that fateful yearwww.historyeurope.net Hosted o...
22 Helmi 201521min
13.4 The Battle of Civitate 1053 AD, Part 4
In the first half of the eleventh century, the Normans gained much territory in Italy but in so doing had made many enemies. In 1054 Pope Leo IX brought together a force of Lombards, Germans and Byzan...
25 Tammi 201524min
13.3 The Battle of Civitate 1053 AD, Part 3
The Normans arrive in Italy first as pilgrims on their way to the Holy Land, then as mercenaries. It is not long before they begin to acquire territories and titles on the peninsula in their own right...
18 Tammi 201517min
13.2 The Battle of Civitate 1053 AD, Part 2
The popes of the eleventh and early twelfth century were hardly living by the standards set by their religion. In spite of this this they still enjoyed considerable reverence among the leaders of Chri...
11 Tammi 201518min
