Were the Robber Barons America's greatest philanthropists?

This eponymous foods episode only has two foods in it – and they couldn’t be more different! One is a flaming dessert, and one is a meat patty.  Research: Salisbury, James Henry. “The Relation of Alimentation and Diseases.” New York. J.H. Vail and Company. 1888. Accessed online: https://archive.org/details/relationaliment00saligoog/page/n10/mode/2up “Universal Food Chopper.” John Fitzgerald Kenned National Historic Site. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/universal-food-chopper.htm “Salisbury Steak.” The Windsor Review. April 8, 1886. https://www.newspapers.com/image/335244076/?terms=%22salisbury%20steak%22&match=1 “Salisbury Steak.” Boston Evening Transcript. January 30, 1885. https://www.newspapers.com/image/735176198/?terms=%22salisbury%20steak%22&match=1 Bramen, Lisa. “Salisbury Steak: Civil War Health Food.” Smithsonian. June 22, 2011. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/salisbury-steak-civil-war-health-food-18584973/ McNulty, Ian. “The Brennan Family: A Luscious Legacy.” French Quarter.com. https://www.frenchquarter.com/brennan-family-legacy/ Rawley, Joe. “Historic Brennan’s Restaurant Closed.” June 28, 2013. https://wgno.com/news/historic-brennans-restaurant-closed/ MacCash, Doug. “Ralph Brennan unopposed in purchase of Brennan's restaurant name.” Nola.com/New Orleans Times-Picayune. July 8, 2014. https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/ralph-brennan-unopposed-in-purchase-of-brennans-restaurant-name/article_144b89df-7991-5799-a6f8-ba05be1e9410.html Evans, Edward and Fredy Ballen. “Banana Market.” University of Florida, IFAS Extension. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE901 Rodriguez, Fernando. “Lewd and Lascivious: French Quarter Clean-up Campaigns by Business and Civic Organizations in 1950s New Orleans.” Louisiana State University Doctoral Dissertations. July 21, 2021. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6712&context=gradschool_dissertations Euraque, Dario A. “Cliché and Charicature.” Historians.org. May 12, 2021. https://www.historians.org/research-and-publications/perspectives-on-history/may-2021/clich%C3%A9-and-caricature-why-january-6-was-not-like-a-banana-republic#:~:text=Honduras%2C%20the%20first%20nation%20to,of%20bananas%20in%20the%20world. “Dr. James Salisbury - Inventor of the Salisbury Steak.” The Village of Bratenahl. https://bratenahlhistorical.org/index.php/james-salisbury/ Brennan, Ella, and Ti Martin. “Miss Ella of Commander's Palace.” Gibbs Smith, 2016. Bethune, Meredith. “The Sweet Success Of Bananas Foster Has An Unsavory Past.” NPR. September 30, 2016. https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/09/30/493157144/the-sweet-success-of-bananas-foster-has-an-unsavory-past#:~:text=Bananas%20Foster%20was%20invented%20at%20Brennan's%20Restaurant.,-Kerri%20McCaffety%2FCourtesy&text=%22It%20was%20a%20huge%20product,was%20invented%20there%20in%201951. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

21 Joulu 202240min

The new year approaches. But what if you had to learn a completely new calendar for the coming year? For about a dozen years starting in the late 19th century, France abandoned the Gregorian calendar for an entirely different one. Research:  Alfred, Randy. “Sept. 22, 1792: Day One of Revolutionary Calendar.” Wired. Sept. 22, 2011. https://www.wired.com/2011/09/0922revolutionary-calendar/ Suplee, Curt. “A Brief History of Time-keeping.” Washington Post. Nov. 16, 1994. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1994/11/16/a-brief-history-of-time-keeping/1735193f-0c41-4657-af73-16e7b54a9665/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Gregorian calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gregorian-calendar Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "year". Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Dec. 2015, https://www.britannica.com/science/year Bickerman, E.J. , Ziadeh, Nicola Abdo , Buitenen, J.A.B. van , Proskouriakoff, Tatiana , Schmidt, John D. , Wiesenberg, E.J. , Lin, Chao and Ronan, Colin Alistair. "calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/science/calendar Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Julian calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jul. 2019, https://www.britannica.com/science/Julian-calendar Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Roman republican calendar". Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Apr. 2011, https://www.britannica.com/science/Roman-republican-calendar Warren, Howard C. “Psychological Aspects of Calendar Reform.” The Scientific Monthly, vol. 33, no. 5, 1931, pp. 440–42. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/15247 Carrigan, Richard A. “Decimal Time: Unlike the Metric System of Measurements, Decimal Time Did Not Survive the French Revolution. But Is Dividing the Day by Tens a Possibility for the Future?” American Scientist, vol. 66, no. 3, 1978, pp. 305–13. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/27848641 Zerubavel, Eviatar. “The French Republican Calendar: A Case Study in the Sociology of Time.” American Sociological Review, vol. 42, no. 6, 1977, pp. 868–77. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/2094573 Simon, Ed. “Why the French Revolution’s ‘Rational’ Calendar Wasn’t.” JSTOR Daily. May 23, 2018. https://daily.jstor.org/why-the-french-revolutions-rational-calendar-wasnt/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

19 Joulu 202239min

This 2017 episode covers the Wright Brothers, yes, but also other contenders to the title of "first in flight," and each has their own compelling story and list of achievements.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

17 Joulu 202232min

Tracy and Holly talk about the artwork of Zinaida Serebriakova and the personal style of Ella Williams. They then discuss the ruthless business practices of John Jacob Astor and his son William. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

16 Joulu 202219min

John Jacob Astor came to the U.S. from Germany not long after the colonies gained their independence as a nation. He made his first fortune in the fur trade, and then diversified his income and built a legendary fortune. Research: Irving, Washington. “Astoria, Or, Anecdotes of an Enterprise Beyond the Rocky Mountains.” G.P. Putnams Sons. 1861. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Astoria/DAzBRmfcZloC?hl=en&gbpv=0 “ROMANCE OF THE HISTORIC EDEN FARM OWNED BY ASTOR FAMILY SINCE 1803.” New York Times. Feb. 29, 1920. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1920/02/29/118265256.html?pageNumber=80 Shachtman, Tom. “The Founding Fortunes: How the Wealthy Paid for and Profited from America's Revolution.” St. Martin's Press. 2020. “John Jay’s Treaty, 1794–95.” U.S. Department of State. Office of the Historian. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1784-1800/jay-treaty Youngman, Anna. “The Fortune of John Jacob Astor.” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 16, no. 6, 1908, pp. 345–68. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1820664 Youngman, Anna. “The Fortune of John Jacob Astor: II.” Journal of Political Economy, vol. 16, no. 7, 1908, pp. 436–41. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1820843 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "John Jacob Astor". Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Jul. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Jacob-Astor-American-businessman-1763-1848 Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "American Fur Company". Encyclopedia Britannica, 28 Dec. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-Fur-Company Ziak, Rex. “The Astor Dynasty.” The Astorian. Dec. 7, 2018. https://www.dailyastorian.com/news/the-astor-dynasty/article_d9163297-dfb7-5c77-83d8-3db1340017f7.html Madsen, Axel. “John Jacob Astor: America's First Multimillionaire.” Wiley. 2001. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

14 Joulu 202245min

Today’s six impossible episode subjects are all by listener request! Topics include the Iron Mountain baby, Leslie’s Retreat, Lady Hao, Ella Williams, and more. And these are examples of how short tales can sometimes have intense details. Research: “Tale of The Iron Mountain Baby.” Reprinted from the St. Louis Iron Mountain & Southern Railway ALL ABOARD Vol.16. https://washington.mogenweb.org/imbaby.html Dotson, Avery M. Pennsboro News, Pennsboro, West Virginia, August 21, 1980. https://washington.mogenweb.org/imbaby.html Nickell, Frank. “Almost Yesterday: The Iron Mountain Baby.” KRCU. 4/6/2021. https://www.krcu.org/2021-04-06/almost-yesterday-the-iron-mountain-baby Max Hunter Folk Song Collection. “Iron Mountain Baby.” Cat. #1483 (MFH #296) - As sung by Laura Arthur, Springfield, Missouri on November 2, 1972. Missouri State. https://maxhunter.missouristate.edu/songinformation.aspx?ID=1483 Historic Ipswich. “Leslie’s Retreat, or how the Revolutionary War almost began in Salem, February 26, 1775.” 2/13/2019. https://historicipswich.org/2019/02/13/leslies-retreat-or-how-the-revolutionary-war-almost-began-in-salem/ Endicott, Charles Moses. “Account of Leslie's retreat at the North Bridge in Salem, on Sunday Feb'y 26, 1775.” 1856. https://archive.org/details/accountofleslies00endi/  Hoffer, Peter Charles. "Prelude to Revolution: The Salem Gunpowder Raid of 1775." Historical Journal of Massachusetts, vol. 44, no. 2, summer 2016, pp. 176+. Gale Academic OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A514101835/AONE?u=mlin_oweb&sid=googleScholar&xid=2a54e380. Accessed 11 Nov. 2022. American History Central Staff. “Leslie's Retreat, the Salem Gunpowder Raid and Resistance.” American History Central. March 25, 2022. https://www.americanhistorycentral.com/entries/leslies-retreat-and-the-salem-gunpowder-raid-resistance/ Chaffin, Cortney E. “War and Sacrifice: The Tomb of Fu Hao.” Khan Academy. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/art-asia/imperial-china/shang-dynasty/a/war-and-sacrifice-the-tomb-of-fu-hao Su, Minjie. “Queen, Priestess, General: The Legendary Life of Fu Hao.” Medievalists.net. 12/2018. https://www.medievalists.net/2018/12/queen-priestess-general-the-legendary-life-of-fu-hao/ Michigan Shaolin Wugong Temple. “Fu Hao – Earliest Known Woman Warrior in the World.” http://shaolintemplemi.org/fu-hao-earliest-known-woman-warrior-in-the-world.html Elhassan, Khalid. “This Aristocratic Family Turned on its Abusive Patriarch.” History Collection. 11/14/2018. https://historycollection.com/this-aristocratic-family-turned-on-its-abusive-patriarch/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Beatrice Cenci". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Sep. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Beatrice-Cenci-Italian-noble. Accessed 14 November 2022. Barberini Gallery. “Portrait of Beatrice Cenci.” https://www.barberinicorsini.org/en/opera/portrait-of-beatrice-cenci/ Gustin, Melissa L. “‘Corps a corps’: Martyrs, Models, and Myths in Harriet Hosmer's Beatrice Cenci.” Art History. Volume44, Issue4. September 2021. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1467-8365.12589 Nicholl, Charles. “Screaming in the Castle: The Case of Beatrice Cenci.” London Review of Books. 7/2/1998. Leavitt, Dylan Hayley. “The Portrait of Beatrice Cenci.” PBS. 8/8/2016. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/stories/articles/2016/8/8/reni-portrait-beatrice-cenci-story Hampton, Jada. “Ella Williams AKA Abomah the Giantess.” Uncle Junior Project. https://www.unclejrproject.com/ella-williams Devon and Exeter Daily Gazette. “Two Stars.” 14 May 1914. Page 4. https://www.newspapers.com/image/791454377/ Sumter Daily Item. “Giant Negress In Columbia.” 4/20/1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/668656281/ "Zinaida Serebriakova." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 2021. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631011104/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5ed92220. Accessed 14 Nov. 2022. Ermakova, Elizaveta. “Zinaida Serebriakova, First Famous Female Russian Artist.” Daily Art. 10/12/2021. https://www.dailyartmagazine.com/zinaida-serebriakova-russian-artist/ Weaver, Katheryn. “Zinaida Serebriakova: An Undersung Painter of the Revolutionary Era.” Museum Studies Abroad. 7/18/2017. https://museumstudiesabroad.org/zinaida-serebriakova/ See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

12 Joulu 202238min

In this 2011 episode, previous hosts Sarah and Deblina recount some of history's most famous fires, Including the Peshtigo Fire, the Great Fire of London, the Great Fire of Meireki, and the Great San Francisco Earthquake and Fire.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

10 Joulu 202227min

Tracy and Holly discuss food safety in their own lives, and particularly their comfort levels with various risks. They also discuss the different pronunciations of the name Louis, and Wain's progression as an artist. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

9 Joulu 202225min