#467 – Tim Sweeney: Fortnite, Unreal Engine, and the Future of Gaming
Lex Fridman Podcast30 Huhti 2025

#467 – Tim Sweeney: Fortnite, Unreal Engine, and the Future of Gaming

Tim Sweeney is a legendary video game programmer, founder and CEO of Epic Games that created the Unreal Engine, Fortnite, Gears of War, Unreal Tournament, and many other groundbreaking and influential video games.
Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep467-sc
See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc.

Transcript:
https://lexfridman.com/tim-sweeney-transcript

CONTACT LEX:
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Hiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring
Other – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact

EPISODE LINKS:
Tim’s X: https://x.com/timsweeneyepic
Epic Games: https://epicgames.com/

SPONSORS:
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OUTLINE:
(00:00) – Introduction
(08:25) – 10,000 hours programming
(11:42) – Advice for young programmers
(19:54) – Video games in the 80s and 90s
(22:02) – Epic Games origin story
(34:40) – Indie game development
(40:34) – Unreal Engine
(1:06:30) – Technical details of Unreal Engine
(1:11:23) – Constructive solid geometry
(1:17:21) – Dynamic lighting
(1:21:51) – Volumetric fog
(1:25:19) – John Carmack
(1:27:05) – Evolution of Unreal Engine
(1:33:21) – Unreal Engine 5
(1:44:32) – Creating realistic humans
(1:53:41) – Lumen global illumination
(1:58:11) – Movies
(2:12:53) – Simulating reality
(2:25:08) – Metaverse
(2:27:44) – Fortnite
(2:31:40) – Scaling
(2:47:04) – Game economies
(2:48:33) – Standardizing the Metaverse
(2:56:46) – Verse programming language
(3:18:19) – Concurrency
(3:25:56) – Unreal Engine 6
(3:30:34) – Indie game developers
(3:33:32) – Apple
(3:48:12) – Epic Games Store
(4:11:03) – Future of gaming
(4:17:03) – Greatest games ever made
(4:22:39) – GTA 6 and Rockstar Games
(4:25:58) – Hope for the future

PODCAST LINKS:
– Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast
– Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr
– Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8
– RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/
– Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4
– Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips

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Jaksot(490)

#385 – Jimmy Wales: Wikipedia

#385 – Jimmy Wales: Wikipedia

Jimmy Wales is the co-founder of Wikipedia. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Hexclad Cookware: https://hexclad.com/lex and use code LEX to get 10% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – House of Macadamias: https://houseofmacadamias.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jimmy-wales-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Jimmy’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jimmy_wales Jimmy’s Wikipedia page: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales Donate to Wikipedia: https://donate.wikimedia.org WT.Social: https://wt.social/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:10) – Origin story of Wikipedia (11:14) – Design of Wikipedia (18:07) – Number of articles on Wikipedia (24:18) – Wikipedia pages for living persons (45:11) – ChatGPT (58:42) – Wikipedia’s political bias (1:04:46) – Conspiracy theories (1:17:51) – Facebook (1:26:09) – Twitter (1:46:45) – Building Wikipedia (2:01:18) – Wikipedia funding (2:12:38) – ChatGPT vs Wikipedia (2:17:19) – Larry Sanger (2:22:51) – Twitter files (2:25:43) – Government and censorship (2:40:07) – Adolf Hitler’s Wikipedia page (2:51:49) – Future of Wikipedia (3:03:51) – Advice for young people (3:11:13) – Meaning of life

18 Kesä 20233h 19min

#384 – Matthew McConaughey: Freedom, Truth, Family, Hardship, and Love

#384 – Matthew McConaughey: Freedom, Truth, Family, Hardship, and Love

Matthew McConaughey is an Oscar-winning actor and author of Greenlights. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Riverside: http://creators.riverside.fm/LEX and use code LEX to get 30% off – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off – AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 year of Vitamin D and 5 free travel packs EPISODE LINKS: Matthew’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/McConaughey Matthew’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/officiallymcconaughey/ Matthew’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@MatthewMcConaughey Greenlights (book): https://greenlights.com/ Roadtrip (course): https://artoflivinevent.com/roadtrip PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:57) – Relationships (10:44) – Dreams (22:56) – Fear of death (34:40) – Overcoming pain (57:45) – Amazon rainforest (1:04:29) – AI (1:17:45) – Truth (1:25:50) – Ego (1:33:34) – Dallas Buyers Club (1:40:03) – True Detective (1:48:49) – Yellowstone (1:53:51) – Texas (1:55:43) – Politics (2:00:29) – Interstellar (2:03:26) – Aliens (2:10:23) – Advice for young people (2:18:42) – Meaning of life

13 Kesä 20232h 24min

#383 – Mark Zuckerberg: Future of AI at Meta, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp

#383 – Mark Zuckerberg: Future of AI at Meta, Facebook, Instagram, and WhatsApp

Mark Zuckerberg is CEO of Meta. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Numerai: https://numer.ai/lex – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Mark’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/zuck Mark’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/zuck Meta AI: https://ai.facebook.com/ Meta Quest: https://www.meta.com/quest/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:38) – Jiu-jitsu competition (23:01) – AI and open source movement (35:32) – Next AI model release (47:48) – Future of AI at Meta (1:08:25) – Bots (1:23:53) – Censorship (1:38:34) – Meta’s new social network (1:45:20) – Elon Musk (1:49:25) – Layoffs and firing (1:56:55) – Hiring (2:02:48) – Meta Quest 3 (2:09:45) – Apple Vision Pro (2:16:00) – AI existential risk (2:22:23) – Power (2:25:55) – AGI timeline (2:33:17) – Murph challenge (2:38:33) – Embodied AGI (2:41:39) – Faith

8 Kesä 20232h 47min

#382 – Bert Kreischer: Comedy, Drinking, Rogan, Segura, Churchill & Kim Jong Un

#382 – Bert Kreischer: Comedy, Drinking, Rogan, Segura, Churchill & Kim Jong Un

Bert Kreischer is a comedian, actor, and podcaster. Check him out on Bertcast, 2 Bears 1 Cave, Something is Burning, and the new movie The Machine. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Bert’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/bertkreischer/ Bert’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/bertkreischer Bert’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@bertkreischer Bert’s Website: https://bertbertbert.com/ 2 Bears 1 Cave: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL-i3EV1v5hLeT91DuXckUf6tsbMfLgZno Books mentioned: Life of the Party (book): https://amzn.to/42lHjKg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:08) – Hemingway (08:34) – Putin (11:53) – Churchill (14:15) – Kim Jong Un (16:15) – Drinking with Joe Rogan and Tom Segura (24:42) – Father (28:33) – Shirtless (30:38) – Tom Segura (41:27) – Joe Rogan (44:16) – Dating advice (52:24) – Key to success (1:02:36) – Sleep and working out (1:11:51) – History podcasts (1:17:15) – Road trips (1:23:46) – Beer (1:33:14) – Exercise (1:38:56) – Life of the Party (1:46:39) – Drinking (2:05:11) – Greatest comedian of all time (2:07:59) – Advice for young people

5 Kesä 20232h 11min

#381 – Chris Lattner: Future of Programming and AI

#381 – Chris Lattner: Future of Programming and AI

Chris Lattner is a legendary software and hardware engineer, leading projects at Apple, Tesla, Google, SiFive, and Modular AI, including the development of Swift, LLVM, Clang, MLIR, CIRCT, TPUs, and Mojo. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – iHerb: https://lexfridman.com/iherb and use code LEX to get 22% off your order – Numerai: https://numer.ai/lex – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Chris’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/clattner_llvm Chris’s Website: http://nondot.org/sabre/ Mojo programming language: https://www.modular.com/mojo Modular AI: https://modular.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:38) – Mojo programming language (16:55) – Code indentation (25:22) – The power of autotuning (35:12) – Typed programming languages (51:56) – Immutability (1:04:14) – Distributed deployment (1:38:41) – Mojo vs CPython (1:54:30) – Guido van Rossum (2:01:31) – Mojo vs PyTorch vs TensorFlow (2:04:55) – Swift programming language (2:10:27) – Julia programming language (2:15:32) – Switching programming languages (2:24:58) – Mojo playground (2:29:48) – Jeremy Howard (2:40:34) – Function overloading (2:48:59) – Error vs Exception (2:56:39) – Mojo roadmap (3:09:41) – Building a company (3:21:27) – ChatGPT (3:27:50) – Danger of AI (3:31:44) – Future of programming (3:35:01) – Advice for young people

2 Kesä 20233h 38min

#380 – Neil Gershenfeld: Self-Replicating Robots and the Future of Fabrication

#380 – Neil Gershenfeld: Self-Replicating Robots and the Future of Fabrication

Neil Gershenfeld is the director of the MIT Center for Bits and Atoms. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Neil’s Website: http://ng.cba.mit.edu/ MIT Center for Bits and Atoms: https://cba.mit.edu/ Fab Foundation: https://fabfoundation.org/ Fab Lab community: https://fablabs.io/ Fab Academy: https://fabacademy.org/ Fab City: https://fab.city/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:37) – What Turing got wrong (11:02) – MIT Center for Bits and Atoms (24:08) – Digital logic (30:44) – Self-assembling robots (41:12) – Digital fabrication (52:07) – Self-reproducing machine (59:53) – Trash and fabrication (1:04:49) – Lab-made bioweapons (1:09:04) – Genome (1:20:56) – Quantum computing (1:25:28) – Microfluidic bubble computation (1:30:49) – Maxwell’s demon (1:39:35) – Consciousness (1:46:35) – Cellular automata (1:51:07) – Universe is a computer (1:55:53) – Advice for young people (2:05:10) – Meaning of life

28 Touko 20232h 11min

#379 – Randall Kennedy: The N-Word – History of Race, Law, Politics, and Power

#379 – Randall Kennedy: The N-Word – History of Race, Law, Politics, and Power

Randall Kennedy is a law professor at Harvard and author of many seminal books on race, law, history, culture, and politics. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Randall’s Website: https://hls.harvard.edu/faculty/randall-l-kennedy N*****: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word: https://amzn.to/3MbrXSC Say It Loud!: On Race, Law, History, and Culture: https://amzn.to/3MfQWUT For Discrimination: Race, Affirmative Action, and the Law: https://amzn.to/3BASZxZ Race, Crime, and the Law: https://amzn.to/3pVtVyU PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (06:11) – The N-word (41:55) – The three N-words (1:08:28) – Education (1:21:31) – Critical race theory (1:32:05) – Racism and policing (1:39:25) – Racial profiling (2:08:57) – Racism in US history (2:26:55) – Affirmative action (3:10:22) – Martin Luther King Jr.

24 Touko 20233h 14min

#378 – Anna Frebel: Origin and Evolution of the Universe, Galaxies, and Stars

#378 – Anna Frebel: Origin and Evolution of the Universe, Galaxies, and Stars

Anna Frebel is an astronomer and astrophysicist at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Hexclad Cookware: https://hexclad.com/lex and use code LEX to get 10% off – Numerai: https://numer.ai/lex – House of Macadamias: https://houseofmacadamias.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off your first order EPISODE LINKS: Anna’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/annafrebel Anna’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/annafrebel Anna’s Book – Searching for the Oldest Stars: https://amzn.to/3pi2Ci6 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (05:26) – First elements (12:35) – Milky Way (16:11) – Alien worlds (19:16) – Protogalaxies (24:29) – Black holes (29:27) – Stellar archeology (38:42) – Oldest stars (46:32) – Metal-poor stars (1:02:05) – Neutron capture (1:07:01) – Neutron stars (1:12:30) – Dwarf galaxies (1:17:10) – Star observation (1:45:27) – James Webb Space Telescope (1:51:17) – Future of space observation (1:54:26) – Age of the universe (2:07:34) – Most beautiful idea in astronomy (2:11:23) – Advice for young people (2:20:17) – Meaning of life

18 Touko 20232h 23min

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