BONUS: From Waterfall to Flow—Rethinking Mental Models in Software Delivery | Henrik Mårtensson

BONUS: From Waterfall to Flow—Rethinking Mental Models in Software Delivery | Henrik Mårtensson

BONUS: From Waterfall to Flow—Rethinking Mental Models in Software Delivery With Henrik Mårtensson

In this BONUS episode, we explore the origins and persistence of waterfall methodology in software development with management consultant Henrik Mårtensson. Based on an article where he details the history of Waterfall, Henrik explains the historical context of waterfall, challenges the mental models that keep it alive in modern organizations, and offers insights into how systems thinking can transform our approach to software delivery. This conversation is essential for anyone looking to understand why outdated methodologies persist and how to move toward more effective approaches to software development.

The True Origins of Waterfall

"Waterfall came from the SAGE project, the first large software project in history, where they came up with a methodology based on an economic analysis."

Henrik takes us on a fascinating historical journey to uncover the true origins of waterfall methodology. Contrary to popular belief, the waterfall approach wasn't invented by Winston Royce but emerged from the SAGE project in the 1950s. Bennington published the original paper outlining this approach, while it was Bell and Tayer who later named it "waterfall" when referencing Royce's work. Henrik explains how gated process models eventually led to the formalized waterfall methodology and points out that an entire generation of methods existed between waterfall and modern Agile approaches that are often overlooked in the conversation.

In this segment we refer to:

Mental Models That Keep Us Stuck

"Fredrik Taylor's model of work missed the concept of a system, leading us to equate busyness with productivity."

The persistence of waterfall thinking stems from outdated mental models about work and productivity. Henrik highlights how Frederick Taylor's scientific management principles continue to influence software development despite missing the crucial concept of systems thinking. This leads organizations to equate busyness with productivity, as illustrated by Henrik's anecdote about 50 projects assigned to just 70 people. We explore how project management practices often enforce waterfall thinking, and why organizations tend to follow what others do rather than questioning established practices. Henrik emphasizes several critical concepts that are often overlooked:

  • Systems thinking

  • Deming's principles

  • Understanding variation and statistics

  • Psychology of work

  • Epistemology (how we know what we know)

In this segment, we refer to:

The Estimation Trap

"The system architecture was overcomplicated, and the organizational structure followed it, creating a three-minute door unlock that required major architectural changes."

Henrik shares a compelling story about a seemingly simple feature—unlocking a door—that was estimated to take three minutes but actually required significant architectural changes due to Conway's Law. This illustrates how organizational structures often mirror system architecture, creating unnecessary complexity that impacts delivery timelines. The anecdote serves as a powerful reminder of how estimation in software development is frequently disconnected from reality when we don't account for systemic constraints and architectural dependencies.

In this segment, we refer to Conway's Law, the observation that explicitly called out how system architecture is so often linked to organizational structures.

Moving Beyond Waterfall

"Understanding queueing theory and Little's Law gives us the tools to rethink flow in software delivery."

To move beyond waterfall thinking, Henrik recommends several resources and concepts that can help transform our approach to software development. By understanding queueing theory and Little's Law, teams can better manage workflow and improve delivery predictability. Henrik's article on coordination chaos highlights the importance of addressing organizational complexity, while James C. Scott's book "Seeing Like a State" provides insights into how central planning often fails in complex environments.

About Henrik Mårtensson

Henrik Mårtensson is a management consultant specializing in strategy, organizational development, and process improvement. He blends Theory of Constraints, Lean, Agile, and Six Sigma to solve complex challenges. A published author and licensed ScrumMaster, Henrik brings sharp systems thinking—and a love of storytelling—to help teams grow and thrive.

You can link with Henrik Mårtensson on LinkedIn and connect with Henrik Mårtensson on Twitter.

Jaksot(200)

From Project Mindset to Product Thinking - Leading Client Transformation | Anh Vu

From Project Mindset to Product Thinking - Leading Client Transformation | Anh Vu

Anh Vu: From Project Mindset to Product Thinking - Leading Client Transformation Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. Anh describes a transformative collaboration experience while building multiple websites for a client. Over time, his team recognized significant commonalities between projects and saw the opportunity to create reusable components for future work. However, they faced resistance when trying to shift the client's mindset from short-term project delivery to long-term product thinking. The business stakeholders remained focused on immediate project completion rather than investing in sustainable, reusable solutions. Anh's approach to leading this change involved presenting concrete evidence from previous projects to demonstrate the tangible benefits of component reusability. Rather than just proposing the idea theoretically, they suggested implementing reusable components immediately within the current project, showing rather than just telling. His strategy centered on providing clear evidence of benefits and demonstrating achievability, making the transition from project to product mindset more tangible and less risky for the client. In this episode, we refer to the book "From Project to Product" by Mik Kersten. Self-reflection Question: How might you help your stakeholders see beyond immediate deliverables to recognize the long-term value of sustainable practices and reusable solutions? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Anh Vu Anh Vu is a seasoned Project Manager with 10+ years in software delivery, Agile, DevOps, and PM. As a PMP trainer, he has empowered 200+ professionals. Passionate about continuous learning, Anh explores practical tools and methodologies to help PMs and teams succeed in fast-paced, tech-driven environments. You can link with Anh Vu on LinkedIn.

23 Heinä 12min

From Individual Stars to Team Players - Transforming Competitive Developers | Anh Vu

From Individual Stars to Team Players - Transforming Competitive Developers | Anh Vu

Anh Vu: From Individual Stars to Team Players - Transforming Competitive Developers Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. Anh recounts his first Scrum project as a Scrum Master for a payment company, leading a team of five developers working on a new product with new technology and devices. The challenge was compounded by the fact that this was a completely new team where members didn't know each other. What started as an attempt to make work visible quickly deteriorated when developers began competing to prove they were the best rather than collaborating toward shared goals. Each developer focused solely on their individual tasks without considering the overall outcome, and when bugs appeared at the end of sprints, blame games began. This anti-pattern of developers not prioritizing team results created a cycle where team members wouldn't help each other, ultimately undermining the project's success. Anh's key learning was that the root problem wasn't process-related but trust-related, and as a Scrum Master, addressing surface-level issues isn't enough - the real work lies in building foundational trust within the team. Self-reflection Question: In your current team, are individual achievements being celebrated more than collective success, and how might this be affecting overall team trust and collaboration? Featured Book of the Week: The Five Dysfunctions of a Team Anh recommends "The Five Dysfunctions of a Team" as essential reading for understanding team dynamics. He emphasizes that trust is the basic foundation for people to succeed together, and this book provides both the why and the how for building that trust. According to Anh, trust serves as the foundation for all teams, making it crucial knowledge for both Scrum Masters and Project Managers who need to facilitate effective team collaboration. [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Anh Vu Anh Vu is a seasoned Project Manager with 10+ years in software delivery, Agile, DevOps, and PM. As a PMP trainer, he has empowered 200+ professionals. Passionate about continuous learning, Anh explores practical tools and methodologies to help PMs and teams succeed in fast-paced, tech-driven environments. You can link with Anh Vu on LinkedIn.

22 Heinä 13min

The Hidden Cost of Skipping Scrum Ceremonies | Anh Vu

The Hidden Cost of Skipping Scrum Ceremonies | Anh Vu

Anh Vu: The Hidden Cost of Skipping Scrum Ceremonies Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. Anh shares his experience as a new Project Manager who was confident about understanding Scrum but quickly discovered the complexity of implementing it effectively. His team's daily meetings turned into lengthy debates about solutions, consuming excessive time and energy, leading team members to complain about meeting overload. When the team suggested moving discussions to Slack to avoid meetings, this created new problems with missed insights and additional coordination challenges. Anh explains how they fell into the "Scrum-but" anti-pattern, where teams claim to use Scrum while avoiding its core practices. The real learning came when he realized that successful framework implementation requires connecting core values with mechanics - for example, linking transparency from Scrum values to actual practices. His key insight: always share the "why" behind everything you do, and remember the Shu-Ha-Ri principle - make it work first before making changes. Self-reflection Question: How might you be unconsciously implementing "framework-but" patterns in your current role, and what core values should you reconnect with your daily practices? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Anh Vu Anh Vu is a seasoned Project Manager with 10+ years in software delivery, Agile, DevOps, and PM. As a PMP trainer, he has empowered 200+ professionals. Passionate about continuous learning, Anh explores practical tools and methodologies to help PMs and teams succeed in fast-paced, tech-driven environments. You can link with Anh Vu on LinkedIn.

21 Heinä 14min

Business Analyst to Product Owner—More Than a Title Change | Joelle Tegwen

Business Analyst to Product Owner—More Than a Title Change | Joelle Tegwen

Joelle Tegwen: Business Analyst to Product Owner—More Than a Title Change Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. The Great Product Owner: The Collaborative Visionary Joelle worked with an exceptional Product Owner at a medical company who was leading their team into a new way of working. This PO understood both the vision piece of the work and the importance of experimentation, recognizing that the team was responsible for figuring out how to solve the problems they were trying to tackle. Working within a Large Scale Scrum framework, they demonstrated patience while collaborating with skilled team members to improve how they worked together. Rather than complaining to the team about performance issues, this PO collaborated directly with the Scrum Master to address challenges. Most importantly, they maintained crystal clear focus on customer value, ensuring every decision and direction connected back to what would truly benefit the end user. The Bad Product Owner: The JIRA Manager Joelle describes the problematic pattern of Business Analysts who receive a title change to Product Owner without understanding the fundamental shift in role and responsibilities. These individuals continue to see themselves as scribes rather than visionaries, treating their primary job as managing JIRA instead of setting a vision for where the product should go. They typically lack understanding of meaningful metrics and rely on gut-feel prioritization rather than data-driven decisions. Most critically, they fail to communicate about problems to solve or establish a clear North Star for the team. Joelle recommends providing these POs with structured formats for Epics and features that start with hypothesis, problem, and measures, helping them think at higher levels than just user story management. Self-reflection Question: Whether you're a Product Owner or work closely with one, how might you help elevate the conversation from task management to vision and problem-solving? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Joelle Tegwen Joelle helps teams build products that customers love in a sustainable way and with high-quality. She creates environments that foster high performing teams improving their interactions. Her background in science and passion for cognitive science complement her work. Joelle's non-linear, 15-year career in software development has provided her with diverse perspectives. You can link with Joelle Tegwen on LinkedIn.

18 Heinä 15min

Building High-Performing Teams Through Three Essential Elements | Joelle Tegwen

Building High-Performing Teams Through Three Essential Elements | Joelle Tegwen

Joelle Tegwen: Building High-Performing Teams Through Three Essential Elements Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. Joelle identifies three essential characteristics for Scrum Master success: psychological safety, collaboration, and cross-skilling with role blurring. She emphasizes the importance of teams being comfortable with conflict, drawing from Amy Edmondson's work and Google's Project Aristotle research. Her approach involves mapping where a team currently stands and focusing on one of these three characteristics at a time. The key is building relationships where challenging each other becomes positive behavior, being clear about what you're trying to achieve with the team, and regularly checking in for feedback. Success comes from creating an environment where team members can grow beyond their individual silos while maintaining strong collaborative relationships. Featured Retrospective Format for the Week: Sailboat Retrospective As a consultant frequently joining new teams, Joelle relies on the Sailboat retrospective format to quickly understand where teams are positioned. Teams use the sailboat metaphor to explain their current situation, which gives her rapid insight into their challenges and strengths. This format is particularly valuable because it helps her identify what not to change - understanding what the team considers their strengths prevents well-intentioned interference with what's already working well. The visual metaphor makes it easy for teams to express complex dynamics while providing the facilitator with actionable intelligence for coaching direction. Self-reflection Question: Looking at your current team through the sailboat metaphor, what would you identify as the wind in your sails versus the anchors holding you back, and how might this perspective change your improvement priorities? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Joelle Tegwen Joelle helps teams build products that customers love in a sustainable way and with high-quality. She creates environments that foster high performing teams improving their interactions. Her background in science and passion for cognitive science complement her work. Joelle's non-linear, 15-year career in software development has provided her with diverse perspectives. You can link with Joelle Tegwen on LinkedIn.

17 Heinä 12min

Breaking Knowledge Silos Through Strategic Skill Sharing | Joelle Tegwen

Breaking Knowledge Silos Through Strategic Skill Sharing | Joelle Tegwen

Joelle Tegwen: Breaking Knowledge Silos Through Strategic Skill Sharing Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. Working as a Scrum Master on a team rewriting an old application, Joelle faced a significant challenge: experienced developers were located in India while new, experienced developers brought in locally lacked familiarity with the medical domain. Drawing inspiration from The Phoenix Project, she implemented a skills matrix to address the knowledge silos that were preventing new team members from contributing effectively. Using a teacher-student model, initially frustrated leaders who had to work with "students" discovered within 2-3 sprints that they were also learning new things and no longer carried the pressure of being the only ones with critical knowledge. The new team members brought fresh ideas that improved the codebase, and when the team eventually grew too large, the skills matrix facilitated smooth self-selection for team reorganization. What started as a solution to get new hires productive evolved into a comprehensive approach to knowledge sharing and team scalability. Self-reflection Question: Where do knowledge silos exist in your current team or organization, and how could you implement structured knowledge sharing to transform those constraints into learning opportunities? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Joelle Tegwen Joelle helps teams build products that customers love in a sustainable way and with high-quality. She creates environments that foster high performing teams improving their interactions. Her background in science and passion for cognitive science complement her work. Joelle's non-linear, 15-year career in software development has provided her with diverse perspectives. You can link with Joelle Tegwen on LinkedIn.

16 Heinä 12min

How to Break Through the 'Not My Problem' Mentality | Joelle Tegwen

How to Break Through the 'Not My Problem' Mentality | Joelle Tegwen

Joelle Tegwen: How to Break Through the 'Not My Problem' Mentality Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. As a consultant often entering teams when problems already exist, Joelle encountered a team that took months to get anything into production. While some IT leaders and QA folks didn't see this as problematic, Joelle discovered the QA team was actually struggling with constant retesting due to work coming back repeatedly. She helped the team articulate the value of needed changes and discovered they didn't know how to split stories effectively. By focusing on what they could do rather than what they couldn't, and implementing test automation to enable smaller stories, the team began making meaningful progress toward more sustainable delivery practices. Featured Book of the Week: How Minds Change by David McRaney David McRaney, who runs the podcast "You Are Not Smart" about cognitive biases, presents a powerful insight in "How Minds Change": we don't actually change other people's minds through arguments or facts. Instead, we need to create space for others to reflect and change their own minds. Joelle recommends this book because it fundamentally shifted her approach to working with teams. The book introduces techniques like Deep Canvassing, which focuses on asking people to tell their story and share what's happening to them, rather than trying to convince them with logic alone. This approach aligns perfectly with Joelle's belief in allowing space for people to reflect while trusting that they have good answers within themselves. Self-reflection Question: How might your current approach to influencing change shift if you focused more on creating space for reflection rather than presenting arguments and facts? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Joelle Tegwen Joelle helps teams build products that customers love in a sustainable way and with high-quality. She creates environments that foster high performing teams improving their interactions. Her background in science and passion for cognitive science complement her work. Joelle's non-linear, 15-year career in software development has provided her with diverse perspectives. You can link with Joelle Tegwen on LinkedIn.

15 Heinä 15min

Why Your Scrum Master Job Needs a Reset with Every Leadership Change | Joelle Tegwen

Why Your Scrum Master Job Needs a Reset with Every Leadership Change | Joelle Tegwen

Joelle Tegwen: Why Your Scrum Master Job Needs a Reset with Every Leadership Change Read the full Show Notes and search through the world's largest audio library on Agile and Scrum directly on the Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast website: http://bit.ly/SMTP_ShowNotes. Joelle shares her experience as a coach and Scrum Master at a small startup where multiple companies had merged over several years. When a new VP with a conservative approach replaced her original sponsor who favored significant change, Joelle failed to adapt her tactics and align with the new leadership's direction. She emphasizes the critical importance of listening to feedback from leaders and avoiding the anti-pattern of only listening to peers and direct managers instead of higher-level leadership. Joelle explains that whenever you get a new leader, your job essentially starts over again, requiring you to discover their goals and style through interviews about their priorities. She stresses that change happens through people, not just actions, and that pushing too hard creates more resistance. In this segment, we refer to the book The First 90 Days by Michael D. Watkins and the Deep Canvassing Technique. Self-reflection Question: How do you currently assess and adapt to new leadership styles in your organization, and what steps could you take to better align your change management approach with leadership expectations? [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] 🔥In the ruthless world of fintech, success isn't just about innovation—it's about coaching!🔥 Angela thought she was just there to coach a team. But now, she's caught in the middle of a corporate espionage drama that could make or break the future of digital banking. Can she help the team regain their mojo and outwit their rivals, or will the competition crush their ambitions? As alliances shift and the pressure builds, one thing becomes clear: this isn't just about the product—it's about the people. 🚨 Will Angela's coaching be enough? Find out in Shift: From Product to People—the gripping story of high-stakes innovation and corporate intrigue. Buy Now on Amazon [The Scrum Master Toolbox Podcast Recommends] About Joelle Tegwen Joelle helps teams build products that customers love in a sustainable way and with high-quality. She creates environments that foster high performing teams improving their interactions. Her background in science and passion for cognitive science complement her work. Joelle's non-linear, 15-year career in software development has provided her with diverse perspectives. You can link with Joelle Tegwen on LinkedIn.

14 Heinä 14min

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