
Avoiding civilian harm during military cyber operations: six key takeaways
In today’s armed conflicts, cyber operations are increasingly used in support of and alongside kinetic operations. Several States have publicly acknowledged such use, and many more are developing mili...
15 Kesä 202113min

If not us, who? How States implement the legal framework protecting the environment from conflict
The International Law Commission’s long-running project to codify and progressively develop the legal framework protecting the environment in relation to armed conflicts is nearing completion. But the...
10 Kesä 202112min

Protecting the environment during armed conflict: IHL and Islamic law
Protecting the environment during armed conflict is garnering renewed attention in light of the ongoing climate and environment crisis. At its root, however, this is not a new phenomenon. It can be se...
3 Kesä 202113min

Feasible precautions during urban attacks: the ‘art’ of the practically possible
Every military operation conducted within a city is likely to affect the people living there, a reality reflected in the law of war rules that oblige the taking of precautionary measures to spare the ...
1 Kesä 202116min

Data-driven environmental decision-making and action in armed conflict
A digital revolution through a myriad of earth observation data and open-source investigations is reshaping our understanding of the environmental causes and consequences of armed conflicts. From spat...
1 Kesä 202115min

Overcoming the disconnect: environmental protection and armed conflicts
Environmental effects of armed conflicts do not only result from the conduct of hostilities but also from toxic or hazardous remnants of war, excessive exploitation of conflict resources, unsustainabl...
27 Touko 202111min

Fighting without a Planet B: how IHL protects the natural environment in armed conflict
Armed conflicts from Kuwait to Vietnam continue to remind us that the environment can be deeply scarred by war, a reality that climate risks now magnify for many dependent communities. But while a cer...
25 Touko 202121min

Standing together: the Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organizations
Today’s climate and environmental crises threaten the very survival of humanity. The Climate and Environment Charter for Humanitarian Organizations, the result of a collective effort across a wide ran...
21 Touko 20217min



















