Sara C Bronin, "Key to the City: How Zoning Shapes Our World" (Norton, 2024)

For those concerned with how city hall can shape the look and feel of a neighborhood, the mere mention of zoning may invite denunciation of zoning practices that contributed substantially to the housing crisis and so limited neighborhood development that you have to get in your car to pick up a quart of milk.

In her readable Key to the City: How Zoning Shapes Our World (Norton, 2024), Sara Bronin, the Freda Alverson Professor of Law at George Washington University, points out if you want to put up a single-family house of around 2,500 square feet, then at a minimum you may be required to purchase a 43,350 square foot (one acre) lot on which you but nobody else can build. No wonder we have a housing shortage. And after you move in, you will likely find yourself living in a neighborhood zoned “residential,” that is without stores or businesses within walking distance. So it will be necessary to own a car for shopping and just about everything else.

In this conversation and in Key to the City, Professor Bronin suggests addressing the housing shortage by amending local zoning to make it possible to build several houses per acre. Then too neighborhoods currently zoned “residential” might re-designated for “mixed uses” so that one might walk to stores and restaurants. But Bronin cautions that however inviting the notion of strolling over to the grocery, café or bookstore, how would you feel if a gas station, used car lot or strip joint opened in your neighborhood?

By no means confined to the ivory tower, Professor Bronin, who served for seven years on Hartford’s Planning and Zoning Commission, recognizes that the underlying purpose of zoning––to protect the homeowner from unwanted intrusions––remains valid. And after showing how Hartford, Minneapolis, Tucson, and Baltimore went about revising their zoning ordinances, she concludes that zoning remains an essential tool for developing decent neighborhoods. She then implicitly invites us to take a walk around the block to consider what might be done to make our neighborhood all the better. 

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