Joseph Priestley: Oxygen, Soda Water, Radical Faith, and Exile
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Joseph Priestley: Oxygen, Soda Water, Radical Faith, and Exile

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Joseph Priestley isolated oxygen, invented carbonated water, helped found a new religious movement, and was driven from England by a rioting mob. This episode traces the 18th century polymath from a Yorkshire family of Dissenters barred from Oxford and Cambridge, through a teenage illness that led him to reject strict Calvinism, to his work as a teacher who reformed the curriculum and created visual timelines of history.

We explore how Benjamin Franklin encouraged his electrical experiments, how a brewery next door led to soda water, and how his 1774 experiments with mercuric oxide produced what he called dephlogisticated air. We also examine his loyalty to phlogiston theory, his materialist theology, the gunpowder metaphor that branded him Gunpowder Joe, the 1791 Birmingham riots, his exile to Pennsylvania, and his friendship with Thomas Jefferson.

  • How exclusion from the establishment shaped Priestley's independent mind
  • Why he published his methods and mistakes openly
  • The brewery experiment that created carbonated water
  • Did Priestley or Lavoisier truly discover oxygen?
  • How a metaphor helped trigger the riots that destroyed his home and lab

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