Megiddo 1457 BC: Thutmose III Takes the Aruna Pass Against Kadesh

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Armageddon comes from Har Megiddo, the Mount of Megiddo, a fortified city controlling the Via Maris trade road at the edge of the Jezreel Valley. Thutmose III spent about two decades as a sidelined co-ruler under his stepmother and aunt Hatshepsut. When he finally ruled alone, the king of Kadesh, backed by the Mitanni and Amurru, raised a coalition of 10,000 to 15,000 men at Megiddo. Thutmose gathered 10,000 to 20,000 infantry and chariots at the border fortress of Tjaru, marched 10 days across the Sinai to Gaza, rested one day, and pushed 11 more days to Yehem.

At Yehem, in one of the earliest recorded war councils, his generals urged the wide northern road via Zefti and Yokneam or the southern road via Taanach. Thutmose chose the narrow Aruna Pass, reasoning the enemy would also think it too dangerous, and led the column himself. The coalition had guarded the other routes. Around April 16, 1457 BC, he attacked in a concave formation that wrapped around both flanks, helped by composite bows of wood, horn and sinew, and the coalition broke. But his troops stopped to loot the enemy camp, and the fugitives escaped into Megiddo, forcing a seven month siege behind a trench and palisade.

The defenders, having shut the gates, hauled fleeing soldiers and kings over the walls with ropes of knotted clothing.
Egyptian records list 924 chariots and 200 suits of bronze armor captured in the camp.
The king of Kadesh slipped away during the siege, but Megiddo surrendered and was spared.
Thutmose took the sons of defeated kings to Egypt, educated them, and later sent them home to rule.
The campaign is known from the military scribe Tjaneni's daily journal, later carved into the Temple of Amun at Karnak.

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