Lafayette Escadrille: Lion Cubs, Castor Oil and the Valiant 38 Over Verdun
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Lafayette Escadrille: Lion Cubs, Castor Oil and the Valiant 38 Over Verdun

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In spring 1916, while the United States stayed neutral, ambulance service organizer Dr. Edmund L. Gros and Harvard-trained lawyer Norman Prince persuaded France to form an all-American volunteer squadron as a propaganda weapon. It began with seven American pilots and five French officers under Captain Georges Thenault, first named the Escadrille Américaine. After a German protest that a neutral nation could not have a namesake unit shooting down German pilots, it was renamed the Lafayette Escadrille in December 1916.

Sent to Verdun in May 1916, Kiffin Rockwell scored its first victory and Victor Chapman became its first death. Pilots flew Nieuport 11s and 17s and later SPAD VIIs with rotary engines, blip switches, synchronized guns and no parachutes. Raoul Lufbery became the top ace with 16 victories, and Edmond Genet was killed days after the U.S. declared war on April 6, 1917, the first official American casualty. In February 1918 the unit became the 103rd Aero Squadron.

  • Lion cubs named Whiskey and Soda served as squadron mascots.
  • Rotary engines sprayed castor oil, a strong laxative, into the pilots' faces.
  • One pilot asked to return to the infantry because he could be safe there.
  • Lufbery filed down cartridge rims to prevent jams and devised the Lufbery Circle.
  • Only 38 Americans formally served in the squadron, yet more than 4,000 people later claimed membership.

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