Behind the Scenes Minis: Pumpkin Spice Christmas

William of Ockham is best known today for the model of problem solving known as Ockham’s (or Occam’s) Razor. But the event that defined his life was an argument with Pope John XXII. Research: Lieberich, Heinz. "Louis IV". Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Oct. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Louis-IV-Holy-Roman-emperor Kilcullen, John. “Ockham’s Political Writings.” “The Cambridge Companion to Ockham. Cambridge University Press. 1999. Republished online: http://publications.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/pubs/dialogus/polth.html Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Peter Lombard". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Aug. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Peter-Lombard Gál, Gedeon, O.F.M. "William of Ockham Died "impenitent" in April 1347." Franciscan Studies, vol. 42, 1982, p. 90-95. Project MUSE, doi:10.1353/frc.1982.0011 Lambert, M. D. “THE FRANCISCAN CRISIS UNDER JOHN XXII.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 32, 1972, pp. 123–43. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44000287 Donovan, Stephen M. “Bonagratia of Bergamo.” Catholic Encyclopedia. https://www.catholic.com/encyclopedia/bonagratia-of-bergamo Nold, Patrick. “Pope John XXII’s Annotations on the Franciscan Rule: Content and Contexts.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 65, 2007, pp. 295–324. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975430 Knysh, George. “BIOGRAPHICAL RECTIFICATIONS CONCERNING OCKHAM’S AVIGNON PERIOD.” Franciscan Studies, vol. 46, 1986, pp. 61–91. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41975065 Spade, Paul Vincent. “William of Ockham.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. March 5, 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ockham/ Vignaux, Paul D.. "William of Ockham". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 Aug. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/William-of-Ockham See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

12 Apr 202332min

During his life, Scott Joplin said that people would not appreciate his music until 50 years after his death. And he wasn’t wrong, though now he’s often called the king of ragtime writers. Research: "Man causes tens of thousands of dollars in damage to Scott Joplin House." St. Louis Post-Dispatch [St. Louis, MO], 4 Oct. 2022, p. A1. Gale OneFile: News, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A721049996/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=a37ef18c. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023. "Scott Joplin." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631003443/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e60386d7. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023. "Scott Joplin." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000255/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4d8ac701. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023. "Scott Joplin." St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture Online, Gale, 2013. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K2419200616/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4e235f3d. Accessed 21 Mar. 2023. Albrecht, Theodore. “Joplin, Scott,” Handbook of Texas Online, accessed March 22, 2023, https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/joplin-scott. Ames, Eric. “Scott Joplin’s “Great Crush Collision March” and the Memorialization of a Marketing Spectacle.” The Baylor Digital Collections Blog. 4/19/2012. https://blogs.baylor.edu/digitalcollections/2012/04/19/scott-joplin%E2%80%99s-%E2%80%9Cgreat-crush-collision-march-and-the-memorialization-of-a-marketing-spectacle/ Baumann, Timothy et al. “Interpreting Uncomfortable History at the Scott Joplin House State Historic Site in St. Louis, Missouri.” The Public Historian , Vol. 33, No. 2 (Spring 2011). https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/tph.2011.33.2.37 Berlin, Ed. “Scott Joplin - the man and his music.” The Scott Joplin Ragtime Festival. https://www.scottjoplin.org/joplin-biography.html Berlin, Edward A. “King of Ragtime: Scott Joplin and His Era.” 2nd Oxford University press. 2016. Clark, Philip. “Scott Joplin's ragtime gets its dues.” The Guardian. 1/22/2014. https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2014/jan/22/scott-joplin-ragtime-josh-rifkin-the-sting Gross, Klaus-Dieter. “The Politics of Scott Joplin's ‘Treemonisha.’” Amerikastudien / American Studies , 2000, Vol. 45, No. 3 (2000). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41157951 Kjemtrup, Inge. “Scott Joplin and the history of ragtime.” Pianist. 10/8/2020. https://www.pianistmagazine.com/blogs/scott-joplin-and-the-history-of-ragtime/ Vadukul, Alex. “The Forgotten Entertainer Rag.” New York Times. 5/24/2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/nyregion/remembering-scott-joplin.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

10 Apr 202341min

This 2018 episode covers Magnus Hirschfeld, a groundbreaking researcher into gender and sexuality in Germany in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His work was dedicated to scientific study with the hope of dispelling stigma around homosexuality.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

8 Apr 202334min

Holly and Tracy talk about theories regarding Caroline and Lord Melbourne and whether they had a romantic relationship. They also discuss how little recourse a woman in Caroline’s situation had in the 19th century.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

7 Apr 202313min

After Caroline Sheridan Norton’s husband once again tried to destroy her life, she lobbied for another change in English law. This time, she worked to gain equal legal treatment for women in divorces. Research:   Reynolds, K. D. "Norton [née Sheridan], Caroline Elizabeth Sarah [other married name Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Stirling Maxwell, Lady Stirling Maxwell] (1808–1877), author and law reform campaigner." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  25. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Mar. 2023, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-20339 Oliphant, Margaret, et al. “Women Novelists of Queen Victoria's Reign - A Book of Appreciations.” Ballantyne. 1897. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/36641/pg36641.txt Norton, Caroline. “A LETTER TO THE QUEEN ON LORD CHANCELLOR CRANWORTH'S MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE BILL.” Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. London. 1855. Accessed oline: https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/alttq/alttq.html “NORTON, CAROLINE (1808–1877).” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/caroline-norton/ Holmes, Ann Sumner. “The Double Standard in the English Divorce Laws, 1857–1923.” Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 2, 1995, pp. 601–620., doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb01071.x. Langley, Samuel. “The Laureateship.” Daily News. May 15, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/390815598/?terms=%22Caroline%20Norton%22&match=1 Abramowicz, Sarah. “English Child Custody Law, 1660-1839: The Origins of Judicial Intervention in Paternal Custody.” Columbia Law Review, vol. 99, no. 5, 1999, pp. 1344–92. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1123459 Diane, Atkinson. “The Criminal Conversation of Mrs. Norton.” London. Preface Publishing. 2012. Norton, Caroline Sheridan. “A Plain Letter to the Lord Chancellor on the Infant Custody Bill.” London. 1839. Accessed online through Indiana University: https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/view?docId=VAB7126&chunk.id=d1e495&toc.id=&brand=vwwp;query=#docView Tomalin, Claire. “Several Strangers: Writing from Three Decades.” Viking. 1999. Forster, Margaret. “Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism, 1839-1939.” Vintage Books. 2004. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Caroline Norton". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caroline-Norton Norton, C.N. “ENGLISH LAWS FOR WOMEN IN The Nineteenth Century.” London. 1854. Accessed online through University of Pennsylvania: http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/elfw/elfw.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

5 Apr 202332min

Caroline Sheridan Norton’s left an abusive marriage in 1835. She then turned her skill as a writer into a lobby for legislation that would enable mothers in England to get custody of their young children. Research: Reynolds, K. D. "Norton [née Sheridan], Caroline Elizabeth Sarah [other married name Caroline Elizabeth Sarah Stirling Maxwell, Lady Stirling Maxwell] (1808–1877), author and law reform campaigner." Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  25. Oxford University Press. Date of access 20 Mar. 2023, <https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-20339 Oliphant, Margaret, et al. “Women Novelists of Queen Victoria's Reign - A Book of Appreciations.” Ballantyne. 1897. Accessed online: https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/36641/pg36641.txt Norton, Caroline. “A LETTER TO THE QUEEN ON LORD CHANCELLOR CRANWORTH'S MARRIAGE AND DIVORCE BILL.” Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans. London. 1855. Accessed oline: https://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/alttq/alttq.html “NORTON, CAROLINE (1808–1877).” English Heritage. https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/blue-plaques/caroline-norton/ Holmes, Ann Sumner. “The Double Standard in the English Divorce Laws, 1857–1923.” Law & Social Inquiry, vol. 20, no. 2, 1995, pp. 601–620., doi:10.1111/j.1747-4469.1995.tb01071.x. Langley, Samuel. “The Laureateship.” Daily News. May 15, 1850. https://www.newspapers.com/image/390815598/?terms=%22Caroline%20Norton%22&match=1 Abramowicz, Sarah. “English Child Custody Law, 1660-1839: The Origins of Judicial Intervention in Paternal Custody.” Columbia Law Review, vol. 99, no. 5, 1999, pp. 1344–92. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/1123459 Diane, Atkinson. “The Criminal Conversation of Mrs. Norton.” London. Preface Publishing. 2012. Norton, Caroline Sheridan. “A Plain Letter to the Lord Chancellor on the Infant Custody Bill.” London. 1839. Accessed online through Indiana University: https://webapp1.dlib.indiana.edu/vwwp/view?docId=VAB7126&chunk.id=d1e495&toc.id=&brand=vwwp;query=#docView Tomalin, Claire. “Several Strangers: Writing from Three Decades.” Viking. 1999. Forster, Margaret. “Significant Sisters: The Grassroots of Active Feminism, 1839-1939.” Vintage Books. 2004. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Caroline Norton". Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Caroline-Norton Norton, C.N. “ENGLISH LAWS FOR WOMEN IN The Nineteenth Century.” London. 1854. Accessed online through University of Pennsylvania: http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/norton/elfw/elfw.html See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

3 Apr 202332min

This 2019 episode the tale of an elaborate hoax. It starts with the Scythians and how their artifacts became highly prized in 19th century Europe, and ends with an artist who came into fame as a result of his part in a forgery.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

1 Apr 202329min

Holly and Tracy talk about their relationship to trees, and how humankind's understanding of climate science has changed over the years. They also talk about the continuing relevance of Jennie June's life story. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

31 Mar 202322min