Hello Diabetes3 Nov 2023

Oral glucose lowering drugs in T2DM

India is the second Capital of diabetes in the World and hosts approx. 10 crores diabetics & 13 crores pre diabetics according to the recent lancet study. People with T2DM are usually treated with oral drugs, but in some cases, C- peptide test is done to check whether insulin is being produced properly by the pancreas. People with low C- peptide do not respond to oral drugs & need insulin therapy. Oral drugs are of different types and have different mechanism of actions. The dose and type of oral drugs are prescribed on the basis of overall profile of an individual. One size may not fit all. Every medicine have its effects and side effects. Some increase the risk of hypoglycemia, while some may increase weight, some work on postprandial sugars, now-a-days, oral drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors are introduced which are beneficial for heart kidneys, liver etc. and also helps in reducing weight, which is one of the major concern nowadays. These SGLT2i can also be given to non –diabetic people with heart failure or kidney disease. Various oral glucose lowering drugs are metformin (improves insulin sensitivity), sulphonylureas (reduces blood glucose by stimulating beta cells of pancreas), meglitinides (short-acting glucose lowering drug), pioglitazone (improves glycemia by reducing insulin resistance), alpha - glucosidase inhibitors (controls post prandial blood glucose), Oral GLP-1 analog Semaglutide (not only control blood glucose, but reduces weight, have low risk of hypoglycemia & good for heart and kidney functioning). Thus, always start your medicine by consulting your doctor. Self medication can be harmful.

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