Mongabay Newscast9 Sep 2025

Top court delivers a 'huge' climate win for island nations

The recent advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on states' obligations regarding climate change was celebrated globally for providing clarity on countries' legal obligation to prevent climate harm, but was also appreciated by island nations for its additional certainty on their maritime boundaries remaining intact regardless of sea level rise.

This week on Mongabay's podcast, environmental lawyer Angelique Pouponneau, a Seychelles native and lead negotiator for the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS), explains these victories, their legal implications, and how they matter for small island nations.

She says Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face a multitude of, "one of which [was] this idea of the shrinking exclusive economic zones."

Exclusive economic zones are the waters that lie within the jurisdiction of a nation, usually 200 nautical miles (370 kilometers) from its shore. With the ICJ advisory opinion, there's now legal certainty that this zone will remain within the jurisdiction of a state, even if its shoreline shrinks as a result of rising seas due to climate change.

"What island nations were trying to guard against through state practice was essentially if there were ever to be loss of territory, it would not mean loss of exclusive economic zone," Pouponneau says.

Subscribe to or follow the Mongabay Newscast wherever you listen to podcasts, from Apple to Spotify, and you can also listen to all episodes here on the Mongabay website.

Mike DiGirolamo is a host & associate producer for Mongabay based in Sydney. He co-hosts and edits the Mongabay Newscast. Find him on LinkedIn and Bluesky.

Image Credit: Island in the South Pacific, Fiji. Image by Rhett A. Butler/Mongabay.

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Timecodes

(00:00) The importance of the SIDS alliance

(10:09) 'Wins' in the ICJ advisory opinion

(17:38) What about enforcement?

(21:29) Maritime boundaries will remain
(27:38) What are sustainable 'blue economies?'

(32:32) Concerns about development & 'debt for nature'

(42:12) Frustrations with Global Plastic Treaty negotiations

(45:50) Looking to the BBNJ treaty

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