Stuff You Missed in History Class

Tracy mentions tracking down sources for quotes about Rebecca Crumpler during research. She and Holly also discuss measles vaccine protocols. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

1 Mar 202425min

Though measles was declared eliminated in the U.S. decades ago, outbreaks do still happen here, and in other places it’s much more common. Before vaccines were widely available, it killed an estimated 2.6 million people worldwide each year. Research: "Measles cases rising alarmingly across Europe: WHO." IANS, 24 Jan. 2024, p. NA. Gale OneFile: Health and Medicine, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A780229341/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=624cac48. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024. "The Medical Influence of Rhazes." Science and Its Times, edited by Neil Schlager and Josh Lauer, vol. 2, Gale, 2001. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2643450171/WHIC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=5ed3d18a. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024. Associated Press. “Measles deaths worldwide jumped 40% last year, health agencies say.” 11/16/2023. https://apnews.com/article/measles-epidemic-children-who-cdc-bb62da7Measles%20deaths%20worldwide%20jumped%2040%%20last%20year,%20health%20agencies%20say Berche, Patrick. “History of measles.” La Presse Médicale. Volume 51, Issue 3, September 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0755498222000422 Carson-DeWitt, Rosalyn, MD, et al. "Measles." The Gale Encyclopedia of Public Health, edited by Brigham Narins, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2020, pp. 675-680. Gale In Context: Environmental Studies, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX7947900178/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=5cb0c749. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024. Centers for Disease Control. “Measles History.” https://www.cdc.gov/measles/about/history.html Conis E. Measles and the Modern History of Vaccination. Public Health Reports. 2019;134(2):118-125. doi:10.1177/0033354919826558 Düx A, Lequime S, Patrono LV, Vrancken B, Boral S, Gogarten JF, Hilbig A, Horst D, Merkel K, Prepoint B, Santibanez S, Schlotterbeck J, Suchard MA, Ulrich M, Widulin N, Mankertz A, Leendertz FH, Harper K, Schnalke T, Lemey P, Calvignac-Spencer S. Measles virus and rinderpest virus divergence dated to the sixth century BCE. Science. 2020 Jun 19;368(6497):1367-1370. doi: 10.1126/science.aba9411. PMID: 32554594; PMCID: PMC7713999. Home, Francis. “Medical facts and experiments.” London, 1759. https://archive.org/details/b30785558/ Manley, Jennifer. “Measles and Ancient Plagues: A Note on New Scientific Evidence.” Classical World, Volume 107, Number 3, Spring 2014, pp. 393-397. https://doi.org/10.1353/clw.2014.0001 Panum, Peter Ludwig. “Observations made during the epidemic of measles on the Faroe Islands in the year 1846.” Gerstein - University of Toronto. https://archive.org/details/observationsmade00panuuoft Papania MJ, Wallace GS, Rota PA, et al. Elimination of Endemic Measles, Rubella, and Congenital Rubella Syndrome From the Western Hemisphere: The US Experience. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168(2):148–155. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2013.4342 Patel, Minal K. et al. “Progress Toward Regional Measles Elimination — Worldwide, 2000–2019.” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, November 13, 2020, Vol. 69, No. 45 (November 13, 2020). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26967781 Rāzī, Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn Zakarīyā. “A treatise on the small-pox and measles.” Translated by William Alexander Greenhill. 1848. https://archive.org/details/39002086344042.med.yale.edu/mode/1up Sydenham, Thomas. “The works of Thomas Sydenham, M.D.” London, 1848. https://archive.org/details/b33098682_0002 The College of Physicians of Philadelphia. “Measles.” History of Vaccines. https://historyofvaccines.org/history/measles/timeline West, Katherine. "THE RETURN OF MEASLES: With modern vaccine skepticism, the once-eliminated disease is surging in the U.S." EMS World, vol. 48, no. 6, June 2019, pp. 44+. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A711878059/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=8d0bb2cb. Accessed 13 Feb. 2024. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

28 Feb 202445min

Rebecca Crumpler was the first Black woman in the United States to earn a medical degree. She also wrote one of the first, if not the first, medical texts by a Black person in the United States. Research: Allen, Patrick S. “‘We must attack the system’: The Print Practice of Black ‘Doctresses’.” Arizona Quarterly: A Journal of American Literature, Culture, and Theory, Volume 74, Number 4, Winter 2018. https://doi.org/10.1353/arq.2018.0023 Boston African American National Historic Site. “Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/people/dr-rebecca-lee-crumpler.htm The Boston Globe. “Boston’s Oldest Pupil.” 4/3/1898. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Rebecca Lee Crumpler". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rebecca-Lee-Crumpler. Accessed 7 February 2024. Cazalet, Sylvain. “New England Female Medical College & New England Hospital for Women and Children.” http://www.homeoint.org/cazalet/histo/newengland.htm  “The Colored People’s Memorial.” The News Journal. 17 Mar 1874. Crumpler, Rebecca. “A Book of Medical Discourses: In Two Parts.” Boston : Cashman, Keating, printers. 1883. https://archive.org/details/67521160R.nlm.nih.gov/mode/2up Granshaw, Michelle. “Georgia E.L. Patton.” Black Past. 12/19/2009. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/patton-georgia-e-l-1864-1900/  Gregory, Samuel. “Doctor or Doctress?” Boston, 1868. https://digirepo.nlm.nih.gov/ext/dw/101183088/PDF/101183088.pdf Herbison, Matt. “Is that Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler? Misidentification, copyright, and pesky historical details.” Drexel University Legacy Center. 6/2013. https://drexel.edu/legacy-center/blog/overview/2013/june/is-that-dr-rebecca-lee-crumpler-misidentification-copyright-and-pesky-historical-details/ Herwick, Edgar B. III. “The 'Doctresses Of Medicine': The World's 1st Female Medical School Was Established In Boston.” WGBH. 11/4/2016. https://www.wgbh.org/lifestyle/2016-11-04/the-doctresses-of-medicine-the-worlds-1st-female-medical-school-was-established-in-boston Janee, Dominique et al. “The U.S.’s First Black Female Physician Cared for Patients from Cradle to Grave.” Scientific American. 11/2/2023. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/americas-first-black-female-physician-cared-for-patients-from-cradle-to-grave/ Klass, Perri. “‘To Mitigate the Afflictions of the Human Race’ — The Legacy of Dr. Rebecca Crumpler.” New England Journal of Medicine. 4/1/2021. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp2032451 Laskowski, Amy. “Trailblazing BU Alum Gets a Gravestone 125 Years after Her Death.” Bostonia. 8/7/2020. https://www.bu.edu/articles/2020/rebecca-lee-crumpler-first-black-female-physician-gets-gravestone-130-after-death/ Markel, Howard. “Celebrating Rebecca Lee Crumpler, first African-American woman physician.” PBS NewsHour. 3/9/2016. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/celebrating-rebecca-lee-crumpler-first-african-american-physician "Rebecca Lee Crumpler." Contemporary Black Biography, vol. 89, Gale, 2011. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1606005213/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=0b5b3c23. Accessed 7 Feb. 2024. Sconyers, Jake. “Dr. Rebecca Crumpler, Forgotten No Longer (episode 200).” HUB History. 8/30/2020. https://www.hubhistory.com/episodes/dr-rebecca-crumpler-forgotten-no-longer-episode-200/ "SETS IN COLORED SOCIETY.: MRS JOHN LEWIS IS THE MRS JACK GARDNER OF HER PEOPLE--MISS WASHINGTON A LEADER IN ARTISTIC CIRCLES--MEN AND WOMEN IN BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL WALKS--THE PROMISE OF A POET." Boston Daily Globe (1872-1922), Jul 22 1894, p. 29. ProQuest. Web. 8 Feb. 2024 . Shmerler, Cindy. “Overlooked No More: Rebecca Lee Crumpler, Who Battled Prejudice in Medicine.” New York Times. 7/16/2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/16/obituaries/rebecca-lee-crumpler-overlooked.html Skinner, Carolyn. “Women Physicians and Professional Ethos in Nineteenth-Century America.” Southern Illinois University Press, 2014. Project MUSE. muse.jhu.edu/book/28490 Spring, Kelly A. “Mary Eliza Mahoney.” National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mary-mahoney Tracey, Liz. “The ‘Doctress’ Was In: Rebecca Lee Crumpler.” JSTOR Daily. 3/9/2020. https://daily.jstor.org/the-doctress-was-in-rebecca-lee-crumpler/ Wells, Susan. “Out of the Dead House: Nineteenth-Century Women Physicians and the Writing of Medicine.” University of Wisconsin Press, 2012. Project MUSE. muse.jhu.edu/book/16736 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

26 Feb 202438min

This 2017 episode features three unique women, all of whom are notable. They each have a surprising aspect to their stories, and they each have the name Belle. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

24 Feb 202434min

Tracy shares why the story of George Washington Williams makes her so sad. Holly then offers some additional information about John Mytton that wasn't in the Wednesday episode. See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

23 Feb 202420min

John Mytton is often called an eccentric, but that doesn’t really capture his whole story. Despite his wild behavior, he's something of a local hero, and sometimes a joke, but his life is sort of sad in many ways.  Research: Bibby, Miriam. “Mad Jack Mytton.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Mad-Jack-Mytton/ Haskin, Frederic J. “John Mytton – Madcap.” Quad-City Times. June 8, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/301169605/?terms=john%20mytton&match=1 “Joh Mytton’s Follies.” Mnchester Courier and Lancashire General Advertiser. March 1, 1907. https://www.newspapers.com/image/800081799/?terms=john%20mytton&match=1 “The Late John Mytton, Esq. of Halston.” The Yorkshire Herald and the York Herald. May 10, 1834. https://www.newspapers.com/image/410154461/?terms=john%20mytton&match=1 Ludington, C. “Happily, inebriety is not the vice of the age”. In: The Politics of Wine in Britain. Palgrave Macmillan, London. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230306226_12 “Madcap’s Progress.” Liverpool Daily Post. March 24, 1938. https://www.newspapers.com/image/891779638/?terms=john%20mytton&match=1 “Memoirs of the Life of the Late John Mytton, Esq. of Halston, Shropshire, formerly M. P. for Shrewsbury, high sheriff for the counties of Salop and Merioneth and major of the North Shropshire yeomanry cavalry; with notices of his hunting, shooting, driving, racing, eccentric and extravagant exploits.” London. Methuen. 1903. https://archive.org/details/memoirsoflifeofl00nimriala/page/n3/mode/2up “On the 29th In the King’s Bench Prison … “ Gloucestershire Chronicle. April 5, 1834. https://www.newspapers.com/image/793256607/?terms=john%20mytton&match=1 “The remains of the late John Mytton … “ The Morning Post. April 23, 1834. https://www.newspapers.com/image/396894049/?terms=%20LATE%20JOHN%20MYTTON%22&match=1 F.H. “John Mytton, Junior.” The Standard. March 28, 1900. https://www.newspapers.com/image/409754772/?terms=john%20mytton&match=1 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

21 Feb 202438min

George Washington Williams was one of the first people to publicly describe the atrocities being carried out in the Congo Free State under King Leopold II of Belgium. But so much happened in his life before that. Research: Berry, Dorothy. “George Washington Williams’ History of the Negro Race in America (1882–83).” The Public Domain Review. 9/12/2023. https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/history-of-the-negro-race-in-america/ BlackPast, B. (2009, August 20). (1890) George Washington Williams’s Open Letter to King Leopold on the Congo. BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/primary-documents-global-african-history/george-washington-williams-open-letter-king-leopold-congo-1890/ Book, Todd. “What Tarzan Taught Me about Ohio History.” 10/1/2017. https://www.ohiobar.org/member-tools-benefits/practice-resources/practice-library-search/practice-library/2017-ohio-lawyer/what-tarzan-taught-me-about-ohio-history/ Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "John Hope Franklin". Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2024, https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Hope-Franklin. Accessed 31 January 2024. Elnaiem, Mohammed. “George Washington Williams and the Origins of Anti-Imperialism.” JSTOR Daily. 6/10/2021. https://daily.jstor.org/george-washington-williams-and-the-origins-of-anti-imperialism/ Franklin, John Hope. "Williams, George Washington." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History, edited by Colin A. Palmer, 2nd ed., vol. 5, Macmillan Reference USA, 2006, pp. 2303-2304. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3444701308/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=f3d8c89e. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024. Franklin, John Hope. “Afro-American Biography: The Case of George Washington Williams.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society , Jun. 18, 1979. https://www.jstor.org/stable/986218 Franklin, John Hope. “George Washington Williams and the Beginnings of Afro-American Historiography.” Critical Inquiry , Summer, 1978, Vol. 4, No. 4 (Summer, 1978). https://www.jstor.org/stable/1342950 Franklin, John Hope. “George Washington Williams, Historian.” The Journal of Negro History , Jan., 1946, Vol. 31, No. 1. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2714968 Franklin, John Hope. “George Washington Williams: A Biography.” University of Chicago Press. 1985. "George Washington Williams." Notable Black American Men, Book II, edited by Jessie Carney Smith, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1622000481/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=718fd3c3. Accessed 30 Jan. 2024. Hawkins, Hunt. “Conrad and Congolese Exploitation.” Conradiana , 1981, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1981). https://www.jstor.org/stable/24634105 John Hope Franklin Center at Duke University. “Dr. Franklin & Lea Fridman: George Washington Williams.” Via YouTube. 10/10/2018. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A8WC5l2unNA McConarty, Colin. “George Washington Williams: A Historian Ahead of His Time.” We’re History. February 26, 2016. https://werehistory.org/williams/ O’Reilly, Ted. “In Search of George Washington Williams, Historian.” New York Historical Society Museum and Library.” 2/24/2021. https://www.nyhistory.org/blogs/in-search-of-george-washington-williams-historian O'Connor, A. (2008, January 23). George Washington Williams (1849-1891). BlackPast.org. https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/williams-george-washington-1849-1891/ Ohio Statehouse. “George Washington Williams.” https://www.ohiostatehouse.org/museum/george-washington-williams-room/george-washington-williams Simmons, Willam J. and Henry McNeal Turner. “Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising.” Geo. M. Rewell & Company, 1887. https://books.google.com/books?id=2QUJ419VR4AC& See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

19 Feb 202444min

This 2018 episode covers Mary Breckinridge, who advanced the medical field and found new ways to treat underserved communities. But there are problematic elements to her story.                 See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

17 Feb 202431min