AI and LLM ( Large Language Models) in Neurosurgery-2025; RIchard Byrne, MD

SUMMARY: Richard Byrne , MD From Mayo Clinic in Florida discusses the influence of AI and LLM on medicine in the future.

AI will have a significant impact but in a longer time frame that we think. AI is math which deals with data and numbers. LLM (Large Language Models) are language based deals with words. AI is excellent in dealing with data. “Large Language Model (LLM) is an advanced AI trained on massive amounts of text data to understand, generate, and process human language, acting like a super-powered autocomplete that predicts the next most likely word or sequence of words in response to a prompt, enabling tasks like answering questions, summarizing, translating, and writing…” (Google search) Clinic notes can now be summarized at high level. Scribe jobs lost to AI. AI will replace jobs; Recently 11% of jobs now in the USA can be done by AI.

Parts of AI are over hyped. Medicine deals with massive data sets: EEG, EKG which need detailed analysis. The use of AI can predict how a protein will fold and what will be its active sites and then used to design drugs to fit that configuration. “MatterGen successfully generates stable, novel materials with desired chemistry, symmetry, as well as mechanical, electronic and magnetic properties…We believe that the quality of generated materials and the breadth of MatterGen's capabilities represent a major advancement towards creating a universal generative model for materials design.” (Zeni et al Material Science;

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2312.03687)) ; (https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.03687

Mattergen will allow the creation of drugs and agents to make better products to solve different diseases, We are moving toward a molecular future in Medicine. Trauma, stroke, spinal cord injury, GBM, regenerative medicine; AI will be one of the solutions.Team medicine is the future involving multiple disciplines from basic research to clinical specialization

A major concern for the future is the amount of time spent residency and student debt. 40% of students before medical school and residency are taking “Gap Years” off to pay debts making training longer. Some graduate with $500,000 debt, then, get jobs that take a long time to pay debts. All of this results in a financial incentive to make medicine pay and do more procedures than needed. Need to make residency shorter rather than longer.

Good for Video and Podcast, (27 minutes discussion).