The Design Flaw That Crashed Flight 148

A passenger aircraft crash in 1992 ended in tragedy when a modern airliner struck mountainous terrain during approach in poor conditions. The flight was operating under instrument guidance when a critical misunderstanding of the aircraft’s automated systems led to a dangerous descent.
Investigators found that the crew selected an incorrect descent mode in the autopilot system. Because multiple flight modes were displayed in a similar format, the pilots misinterpreted the setting, causing the aircraft to descend at an excessively steep rate. As the aircraft continued downward, there were no timely external alerts to indicate the proximity of rising terrain.
Compounding the situation, the absence of a terrain warning system and limited situational feedback from air traffic control meant the crew remained unaware of the imminent danger until it was too late to recover.
The aircraft ultimately collided with a mountain, resulting in the loss of all on board. The investigation concluded that the crash was caused by a combination of human error, interface design issues, and insufficient safety systems.
Following the disaster, major changes were introduced in cockpit design, pilot training, and terrain awareness technology, significantly improving how modern aircraft prevent controlled flight into terrain accidents.

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