#413 – Bill Ackman: Investing, Financial Battles, Harvard, DEI, X & Free Speech

Charles Hoskinson is the founder of Cardano, co-founder of Ethereum, a mathematician, and a farmer. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Gala Games: https://gala.games/lex - Allform: https://allform.com/lex to get 20% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Charles's Twitter: https://twitter.com/IOHK_Charles Charles's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/user/charleshoskinson Cardano Website: https://cardano.org/ IOHK Website: https://iohk.io/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:12) - What programming language is the simulation written in? (14:17) - Favorite philosophers (23:18) - Theory vs engineering in cryptocurrency (34:27) - What programming languages should everyone learn (42:42) - Haskell and beyond (46:26) - Plutus: Cardano's smart contract platform based on Haskell (50:53) - What is a blockchain? (55:05) - Hybrid smart contracts (1:00:55) - Proof of work vs proof of stake (1:09:42) - Cardano's proof of stake consensus algorithm (1:20:14) - What is Cardano? (1:28:55) - Cardano vs Ethereum vs Bitcoin (1:38:50) - The problem with Bitcoin (1:48:24) - Bitcoin Conference (1:52:05) - Ergo and Alex Chepurnoy (1:59:15) - Cardano's Extended UTXO Model (2:06:27) - Chainlink and Oracle Networks (2:13:40) - Cardano and Wolfram Alpha (2:18:35) - The future of video games (2:27:10) - Smart contracts timeline for Cardano (2:34:40) - Decentralized exchanges (2:40:21) - Jack Dorsey and Bitcoin (2:46:33) - Elon Musk and Tesla: Cardano, Ethereum, Bitcoin (2:49:50) - Dogecoin and Elon Musk (3:01:11) - Hydra vs Lightning Network (3:08:45) - Non-Interactive Proofs of Proof-of-Work (NIPoPoWs) (3:12:39) - Cardano failure modes (3:21:00) - Cardano vs Polkadot (3:26:05) - Vitalik Buterin (3:34:16) - Corrupting nature of power (3:44:26) - Satoshi Nakamoto (3:50:37) - Cardano's vision for decentralized governance (4:03:31) - Cardano in Ethiopia (4:07:33) - El Salvador and Bitcoin (4:13:50) - Cryptocurrency will inject capitalism with long-term incentives (4:23:42) - Day in the life of Charles Hoskinson (4:30:59) - Mushrooms (4:37:07) - Joe Rogan (4:42:00) - Video games (4:54:14) - Advice for young people (4:57:23) - Meaning of life

16 Juni 20215h 4min

Daniel Schmachtenberger is a philosopher interested understanding the rise and fall of societies and individuals. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Ground News: https://ground.news/lex - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Daniel's Website: https://civilizationemerging.com/ The Consilience Project: https://consilienceproject.org/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:05) - Aliens and UFOs (26:50) - Collective intelligence of human civilization (34:46) - Consciousness (46:08) - How much computation does the human brain perform? (49:47) - Humans vs ants (57:04) - Humans are apex predators (1:04:08) - Girard's Mimetic Theory of Desire (1:24:05) - We can never completely understand reality (1:27:29) - Self-terminating systems (1:37:52) - Catastrophic risk (2:08:04) - Adding more love to the world (2:35:29) - How to build a better world (2:52:41) - Meaning of life (3:00:23) - Death (3:06:04) - The role of government in society (3:23:29) - Exponential growth of technology (4:09:10) - Lessons from my father (4:14:46) - Even suffering is filled with beauty

14 Juni 20214h 21min

Jordan Ellenberg is a mathematician and author of Shape and How Not to Be Wrong. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Secret Sauce: https://wondery.com/shows/secret-sauce/ - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Jordan's Website: http://www.jordanellenberg.com Jordan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/JSEllenberg PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:44) - Mathematical thinking (10:21) - Geometry (14:58) - Symmetry (25:29) - Math and science in the Soviet Union (33:09) - Topology (47:57) - Do we live in many more than 4 dimensions? (52:28) - How many holes does a straw have (1:01:53) - 3Blue1Brown (1:07:40) - Will AI ever win a Fields Medal? (1:16:05) - Fermat's last theorem (1:33:23) - Reality cannot be explained simply (1:39:08) - Prime numbers (2:00:37) - John Conway's Game of Life (2:12:29) - Group theory (2:15:45) - Gauge theory (2:23:47) - Grigori Perelman and the Poincare Conjecture (2:33:59) - How to learn math (2:41:08) - Advice for young people (2:43:13) - Meaning of life

13 Juni 20212h 47min

David Sinclair is a geneticist at Harvard and author of Lifespan. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - Clear: https://clearme.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 2 months free - National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX to get a free security camera - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: David's Twitter: https://twitter.com/davidasinclair David's Website: https://lifespanbook.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:34) - Staying young at heart (13:31) - Bringing people back to life (19:05) - Wearables and tracking health data (28:18) - How to solve aging (38:23) - Why do we age? (43:50) - Genetic reset switch that reverses aging (46:20) - AI in biology (48:52) - Health data (56:58) - Fasting (1:04:29) - Diet (1:12:41) - Exercise (1:18:01) - Sleep (1:26:29) - Data (1:32:00) - Extending lifespan (1:34:42) - Immortality (1:40:28) - Denial of death (1:43:45) - Meaning of life without death

7 Juni 20211h 49min

Vitalik Buterin is the co-founder of Ethereum. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Vitalik's Twitter: https://twitter.com/VitalikButerin Vitalik's Blog: https://vitalik.ca/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:18) - Shiba Inu story (25:35) - Regulation (29:48) - Crime (34:54) - Proof of stake vs proof of work (47:43) - Miner extractable value (53:19) - Scaling (54:42) - Bitcoin blocksize wars (1:00:51) - Hard fork vs soft fork (1:04:34) - Craig Wright (1:11:18) - Scaling: Sharding (1:18:07) - Scaling: Rollups (1:26:30) - Polygon and other Layer 2 technologies (1:34:11) - Merging PoS and PoW chains (1:43:49) - Lessons learned from Ethereum 2.0 failure incidents (1:52:35) - Bitcoin vs Ethereum (1:58:30) - Dogecoin (2:04:38) - Elon Musk (2:07:15) - Chainlink (2:10:35) - Charles Hoskinson and Cardano (2:18:08) - AI safety (2:23:07) - NFTs (2:25:57) - Scams (2:35:34) - Longevity (2:44:55) - Does death give meaning to life? (2:50:38) - Lex and Vitalik speak Russian (2:54:29) - Meaning of life (2:59:48) - Dan Carlin's Hardcore History and WWII

3 Juni 20213h 8min

Frank Wilczek is a Nobel Prize winning physicist at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - The Information: https://theinformation.com/lex to get 75% off first month - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Frank's Twitter: https://twitter.com/FrankWilczek Frank's Website: https://www.frankawilczek.com/ Fundamentals: Ten Keys to Reality (book): https://amzn.to/3vLPyQB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:39) - Are there limits to what physics can understand? (17:31) - Beautiful ideas in physics (25:59) - Space and time are really big (29:47) - There are billions of thoughts in a human life (37:09) - Big bang (45:31) - How life emerged in the universe (51:33) - Aliens (1:01:25) - Consciousness (1:08:53) - Limits of physics (1:14:29) - Complimentary principle (1:23:34) - Free will (1:29:47) - Particles (1:35:10) - Nobel Prize in Physics (1:48:24) - Axions and dark matter (2:03:50) - Time crystals (2:08:42) - Theory of everything (2:18:10) - Advice for young people (2:23:52) - Meaning of life

29 Maj 20212h 30min

Bryan Johnson is the founder and CEO of Kernel, OS Fund, and previously Braintree. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Four Sigmatic: https://foursigmatic.com/lex and use code LexPod to get up to 60% off - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Grammarly: https://grammarly.com/lex to get 20% off premium - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Bryan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/bryan_johnson Bryan's Website: https://www.bryanjohnson.co/ Kernel's Twitter: https://twitter.com/KernelCo Kernel's Website: https://www.kernel.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:57) - Kernel Flow demo (16:10) - The future of brain-computer interfaces (49:39) - Existential risk (55:18) - Overcoming depression (1:10:36) - Zeroth principles thinking (1:18:50) - Engineering consciousness (1:25:03) - Privacy (1:29:33) - Neuralink (1:39:11) - Braintree and Venmo (1:54:54) - Eating one meal a day (2:01:07) - Sleep (2:20:49) - Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro (2:27:47) - Advice for young people (2:32:23) - Meaning of life

24 Maj 20212h 37min

Sam Harris is an author, podcaster, and philosopher. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - National Instruments (NI): https://www.ni.com/perspectives - Belcampo: https://belcampo.com/lex and use code LEX to get 20% off first order - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit EPISODE LINKS: Sam's Twitter: https://twitter.com/SamHarrisOrg Sam's Website: https://samharris.org/ Sam's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCNAxrHudMfdzNi6NxruKPLw PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:18) - Where do thoughts come from? (14:18) - Consciousness (31:50) - Psychedelics (41:14) - Nature of reality (58:09) - Free will (1:56:55) - Ego (2:05:59) - Joe Rogan (2:08:59) - How will human civilization destroy itself? (2:16:27) - AI (2:37:10) - Jordan Peterson (2:45:12) - UFOs (2:53:02) - Brazilian Jiu Jitsu (3:02:47) - Love (3:13:50) - Meaning of life

20 Maj 20213h 23min