Siege Mentality

In 1992, the city of Sarajevo was placed under siege, in what turned out to be the longest siege in modern history. The numbers of death and injury were staggering, but as with siege conditions, there are more effects than just injury. Music: Lost Radiance - On The Planet Far Away (ver. 1) Sources: Journal Articles – Andersson, N., Paredes-Solis, S., Legorreta-Soberanis, J., Cockcroft, A., & Sherr, L. (2010). Breastfeeding in a complex emergency: four linked cross-sectional studies during the Bosnian conflict. Public Health Nutrition. 2010;13 (12): p. 2097 – 2104. Barath, A. (2002). Psychological Status of Sarajevo Children after War: 1999-2000 Survey. Public Health and Peace. 2002; 43 (2): p. 213 – 220. Carballo, M., Simic, S., & Zeric, D. (1996). Health in countries torn by conflict: lessons from Sarajevo. The Lancet. 1996; 348: p. 872 – 874. Carballo, M., Smajkic, A., Zeric, D., Dzidowska, M., Gebre-Medhin, J. & Van Halem, J. (2004). Mental Health and Coping in a War Situation: The Case of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2004; 36: p. 463 – 477. Centres for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). (1993). Status of Public Health – Bosnia and Herzegovina, August – September 1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 1993; 42 (50): p. 973, 979 – 982. Goldstein, R. D., Wampler, N. S., & Wise, P. H. (1997). War Experiences and Distress Symptoms of Bosnian Children. Pediatrics. 1997; 100 (5): p. 873 – 878. Hukic, M., Hubschen, J. M., Seremet, M., Salimovic-Besic, I., Mulaomerovic, M., Mehinovic, N., Karakas, S., Charpentier, E., & Muller, C. P. (2012). An outbreak of rubella in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina between December 2009 and May 2010 indicates failure to vaccinate during wartime (1992-1995). Epidemiology and Infection. 2012; 140: p. 447 – 453. Mann, J., Drucker, E., Tarantola, D., & McCabe, M. P. (1994). Bosnia: The War Against Public Health. Medicine and Global Survival. 1994; 1 (3): p. 130 – 146. Obradovic, Z., Balta, S., Obradovic, A. & Mesic, S. (2014). The Impact of War on Vaccine Preventable Diseases. Mater Sociomed. 2014; 26 (6): p. 382 – 384. Pretto, E. A., Begovic, M. & Begovic, M. (1994). Emergency Medical Services During the Siege of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: A Preliminary Report. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1994; 9 (2): p. S39 – S45). Puvacic, Z. & Weinberg, J. (1994). Impact Of War On Infectious Disease in Bosnia-Hercegovina. British Medical Journal. 1994; 309 (6963): p. 1207 – 1208. Robertson, A., Fronczak, N., Jaganjac, N., Hailey, P., Copeland, P., & Duprat, M. (1995). Nutrition and Immunization Survey of Bosnian Women and Children during 1993. International Journal of Epidemiology. 1995; 24 (6): p. 1163 – 1170. Rubin, M. (1994). Experiences from the World Health Organization Missions in Sarajevo, 1992-1993. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1994; 9 (2): p. S8 – S10. Safar, P. (1994). Disaster Medicine and Wartorn Former Yugoslavia. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1994; 9 (2): p. 91 – 93. Simunovic, V. J. (2007). Health care in Bosnia and Herzegovina before, during and after 1992-1995 war: a personal testimony. BioMed Central. 2007: p. 1 – 6. Vujovic, B. & Mazlagic, D. (1994). Epidemiology and Surgical Management of Abdominal War Injuries in Sarajevo: State Hospital of Sarajevo Experience. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine. 1994; 9 (2): p. S29 – S34.