Podcast 582: Gadolinium - The Contrast of MRI
Emergency Medical Minute28 Juli 2020

Podcast 582: Gadolinium - The Contrast of MRI

Contributor: Michael Hunt, MD

Educational Pearls:

  • Contrast agents are commonly used for X-rays and CT's to better characterize disease, but contrast doesn't work with MRI. That's where the element Gadolinium comes into play.
  • Gadolinium, element 64, is ferromagnetic (attracted to iron) below 68 degrees and above that temperature it's paramagnetic which makes it useful in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging).
  • Gadolinium is toxic alone, but when paired with chelators it can be used in humans and allows for better characterization of tumors or abnormal tissue on MRI.
  • It helps identify this abnormal tissue because when MRI causes polarization of our body's cells, the gadolinium, which has the maximum number of unpaired electrons in its orbital shells, alters the rate of decay in abnormal tissue highlighting abnormalities on imaging.
  • Gadolinium can also be used in the treatment of cancers because it collects in the cells of abnormal tissue, allowing for more targeted therapies.
  • In people exposed to gadolinium, the anaphylaxis rate is low, below 1/1000, and in rare cases there are reports of kidney injury and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis which is why it's not recommended in renal failure patients.

References

1)Ibrahim MA, Hazhirkarzar B, Dublin AB. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Gadolinium. [Updated 2020 Mar 9]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482487/

2)Pasquini L, Napolitano A, Visconti E, et al. Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent-Related Toxicities [published correction appears in CNS Drugs. 2018 May 15;:]. CNS Drugs. 2018;32(3):229-240. doi:10.1007/s40263-018-0500-1

Summarized by Jackson Roos, MS4 | Edited by Erik Verzemnieks, MD

Avsnitt(1145)

Podcast 869: Shift Work

Podcast 869: Shift Work

Contributor: Meghan Hurley MD Educational Pearls: Shift work is defined as anything that takes place outside of a 9-5 schedule, not exempting day-shift medical workers Various ill effects of shift...

18 Sep 20234min

Episode 868: Airway Management in Obesity

Episode 868: Airway Management in Obesity

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: Why is airway management more difficult in obesity? Larger body habitus causes the chest to be above the head when the patient is lying supine, creat...

11 Sep 20233min

Episode 867: Occult Scaphoid Fractures

Episode 867: Occult Scaphoid Fractures

Contributor: Nick Tsipis MD Educational Pearls: The scaphoid bone is the most proximal carpal bone just distal to the radius Fractures of the scaphoid bone are sometimes missed by plain X-rays ...

4 Sep 20234min

Podcast 866: Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Overdose

Podcast 866: Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Overdose

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: What is Carbamazepine (Tegretol)? Carbamazepine is an anti-epileptic drug with mood-stabilizing properties that is used to treat bipolar disorder, ep...

28 Aug 20232min

Laboring Under Pressure- Episode 1. ACLS in Pregnancy with Dr. Jason Papazian

Laboring Under Pressure- Episode 1. ACLS in Pregnancy with Dr. Jason Papazian

Contributor: Jason Papazian MD, Travis Barlock MD, Jeffrey Olson Summary: In this episode, Dr. Travis Barlock and Jeffrey Olson meet in the studio to discuss several clips from Dr. Jason Papazian's ta...

24 Aug 202332min

Podcast 865: Nausea Treatments - Droperidol vs Ondansetron RCT

Podcast 865: Nausea Treatments - Droperidol vs Ondansetron RCT

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: A recent randomized controlled trial compared ondansetron 8 mg IV with droperidol 2.5 mg IV for the treatment of nausea & vomiting in the emergency d...

21 Aug 20232min

Podcast 864: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) vs Venous Blood Gas (VBG)

Podcast 864: Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) vs Venous Blood Gas (VBG)

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: What is measured in an ABG/VBG? Blood values for oxygen tension (pO2), carbon dioxide tension (pCO2), acidity (pH), oxyhemoglobin saturation, and bic...

14 Aug 20232min

Podcast 863: Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder

Podcast 863: Treatments for Alcohol Use Disorder

Contributor: Aaron Lessen MD Educational Pearls: Patients with alcohol use disorder are frequently discharged from the ED without further resources Pharmacological treatments to reduce cravings in...

7 Aug 20232min

Populärt inom Vetenskap

p3-dystopia
dumma-manniskor
svd-nyhetsartiklar
allt-du-velat-veta
kapitalet-en-podd-om-ekonomi
det-morka-psyket
pojkmottagningen
dumforklarat
rss-vetenskapsradion-2
halsorevolutionen
rss-vetenskapsradion
rss-ufo-bortom-rimligt-tvivel
sexet
rss-spraket
rss-experimentet
rss-broccolipodden-en-podcast-som-inte-handlar-om-broccoli
medicinvetarna
vetenskapsradion
rss-arkeologi-historia-podden-som-graver-i-vart-kulturlandskap
bildningspodden