1 - Haim Gaifman: Vagueness & the Sorites Paradox

Joan Bagaria is ICREA Research Professor in the Department of Experimental Sciences and Mathematics at the University of Barcelona. He is a mathematical logician who works in set theory, which is the branch of mathematics that not only specializes in the investigation of infinity but serves as the foundation for the rest of mathematics—what this means, and its implications, are explored in the episode. Joan and Robinson discuss all things set theory, beginning with its origins in the mind of Georg Cantor, its development in the 20th century, some philosophical questions, and some current outstanding problems. They also briefly touch on Catalan independence, a topic dear to Joan’s heart. Joan’s Twitter: ⁠https://twitter.com/BagariaJoan⁠ Set Theory: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/set-theory/ The Early Development of Set Theory: https://plato.stanford.edu/cgi-bin/encyclopedia/archinfo.cgi?entry=settheory-early OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 01:01 Introduction 06:18 Joan and Set Theory 09:11 The Development of Set Theory 21:08 Naive Set Theory and Axiomatic Set Theory 30:52 Zermelo-Fraenkel Set Theory with Choice 46:35 Metaphysics and Epistemology 01:03:06 Set Theory as the Foundation of Mathematics 01:09:48 The Continuum Problem 01:16:13 Settling the Continuum Problem 01:35:21 Alternative Set Theories 01:43:37 Alternative Foundations 01:47:53 Catalan Independence Robinson’s Website: ⁠http://robinsonerhardt.com⁠ Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

21 Maj 20232h 5min

John Perry is Henry Waldgrave Stuart Professor of Philosophy Emeritus at Stanford University. He was also the co-host with Ken Taylor of the nationally syndicated radio show Philosophy Talk. John has worked in the philosophy of language, mind, and metaphysics, and is well-known for his famous Slingshot Argument with John Barwise. Robinson and John first talk about his book The Art of Procrastination: A Guide to Effective Dawdling, Lollygagging and Postponing. They then turn to some of his work on identity, personal identity, and the self. OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 00:58 Introduction 02:43 In Defense of Procrastination 10:45 Dialogues and Philosophical Writing 23:17 Identity and Personal Identity 35:37 Memory and Personal Identity 47:39 The Body-Identity Theory 54:18 Parfit and Lewis on Identity 01:03:31 John and the Memory Theory  01:21:46 Death and Identity 01:32:46 Personhood and the Self 01:54:54 Could You Be Someone Else? Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

19 Maj 20232h

David Papineau is Professor of Philosophy of Science at King’s College London. He also teaches at the City University of New York Graduate Center, and before that he lectured in the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge. David’s last appearance on the podcast was episode 62, where he and Robinson spoke about realism, antirealism, and the philosophy of science. This time, however, they discuss the content of his most recent book, The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience (OUP 2021), which is linked below. The Metaphysics of Sensory Experience: https://a.co/d/6hID7Lf David’s Website: https://www.davidpapineau.co.uk  Twitter: @davidpapineau OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 01:38 Introduction 02:52 David’s Philosophical Interests 08:16 Distinguishing Sensory and Perceptual Experience 21:57 Naive Realism and the Metaphysics of Sensory Experience 34:09 Representationalism and the Metaphysics of Experience 01:02:02 The Transparency of Experience 01:15:28 Objections Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

16 Maj 20231h 31min

Graham Harman is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Sci-Arc, the Southern California Institute of Architecture in Los Angeles. He is one of the leading metaphysicians in the continental tradition of philosophy and an influential philosopher of art. Robinson and Graham discuss his work at the forefront of the speculative realist trend in the contemporary continental world, where he is known for his object-oriented ontology, or OOO. They also talk about the philosophy of art and architecture, touching on figures like H.P. Lovecraft and Duchamp, who Graham has written about extensively in his work. Check out Graham’s latest book, Architecture and Objects, linked below: Architecture and Objects: https://a.co/d/ewHg5Ur OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 01:54 Introduction 05:22 Graham and Continental Philosophy 13:04 Speculative Realism and Object-Oriented Ontology 27:05 On Debating Slavoj Žižek 30:28 Fictional Objects 34:42 Real and Sensual Objects 52:14 Aesthetics OOO 59:47 Was Performance the First Art? 01:07:53 H.P. Lovecraft and Philosophy 01:17:33 Surrealism, Dada, and Literalism 01:23:19 Architecture, Philosophy, and Metaphysics 01:46:06 Philosophical Formalism and Architecture 02:00:20 Final Thoughts Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

14 Maj 20232h 5min

Graham Oppy is Professor of Philosophy at Monash University. Before that, he did his undergraduate work in Melbourne and his graduate work at Princeton. Though Graham is best known as a philosopher of religion, he has also published on the philosophy of math, language, aesthetics, and more. In this episode, Robinson and Graham begin by discussing the nature of argument: What makes an argument successful? What’s a good argument? How should we think about arguments in areas of deep disagreement? They then move on to a discussion of ontological arguments in the philosophy of religion, where one argues for the existence of god—or gods—without any prior assumptions. Ontological Arguments: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ontological-arguments/ Majesty of Reason: https://www.youtube.com/@MajestyofReason OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 00:40 Introduction 05:04 Graham and the Philosophy of Religion 11:45 Arguments 14:12 What Makes a Good Argument? 38:00 How to Talk Around Deep Disagreement 48:23 How Arguments Vary Across Disciplines 56:13 Ontological Arguments for the Existence of God 01:31:29 Cosmological Arguments Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

12 Maj 20231h 37min

Frank Jackson is Emeritus Professor at the Australian National University. He is best known for the knowledge argument and Mary’s Room—its accompanying thought experiment—but has published widely in the philosophy of mind, epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language. Graham Priest is a Distinguished Professor in the philosophy department at the CUNY Graduate Center. Like Frank, he is one of the most influential philosophers of the past fifty years, and has done important work on a wide range of topics, ranging from the philosophy of mathematics to logic and eastern philosophy. In this episode, Robinson, Frank, and Graham talk about David Lewis and his immense legacy in the philosophical world. They cover his character—Frank and Graham were friends with him for many years—as well as some of his work, ranging from the thesis of modal realism to Humean supervenience and the philosophy of set theory. David Lewis: ⁠https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/david-lewis/⁠ Graham’s Website: ⁠https://grahampriest.net⁠ OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 01:17 Introduction 07:54 David Lewis as a Friend and Philosopher 24:12 Australian Philosophy 28:53 Lewisian Themes 34:30 Modal Realism 52:43 Kripke and Lewis on Possible Worlds 58:07 Making Use of Possible Worlds 01:23:29 Humean Supervenience 01:38:19 Set Theory and Mereology 01:45:19 Final Thoughts Robinson’s Website: ⁠http://robinsonerhardt.com⁠ Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

9 Maj 20231h 59min

Frances Egan is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers, where she works on the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of psychology, and the foundations of cognitive science. Recently she has been researching computational models of cognition and how they relate to representation. Robinson and Frankie talk about the foundations of cognitive science and the nature of mental representations before discussing psychological explanation, different ways of conceiving the mind’s boundaries, and how it interfaces with the rest of the body and environment. Frankie’s Website: https://frances-egan.org/index.html Mental Representation: https://plato.stanford.edu/ENTRIES/mental-representation/ OUTLINE 00:00 In This Episode… 01:21 Introduction 07:10 Frankie and the Philosophy of Mind 11:04 The Foundations of Cognitive Science 13:20 What are Mental Representations? 26:49 Eliminativism and Representations 32:33 A Deflationary Account 40:51 Naturalism and Cognitive Science 55:39 Psychological Explanation 01:03:02 The Extended Mind and Embodied Cognition  01:21:14 The New Mechanists Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

7 Maj 20231h 35min

Ernest Lepore is a Board of Governors Professor of Philosophy at Rutgers. Though Ernie is best known for his work in the philosophy of language, he has also published on philosophical logic, metaphysics, and the philosophy of mind. Though Robinson and Ernie largely discuss the former, their conversation begins with a bevy of wonderful stories from the profession, as Ernie worked and studied with many of the greatest thinkers—and characters—of twentieth century philosophy, including Ed Gettier, Jerry Fodor, Donald Davidson, Michael Dummett, and W.V.O. Quine. They then turn to some quite general problems in the philosophy language, discussion the relationship between language and thought, meta-linguistic negotiation, and conventions before going through the main arc of his book on slurs jointly authored with Una Stojnic of Princeton University. Though Ernie is the author of too many books and articles to list within the confines of this description, a recent book mentioned many times in the conversation is Imagination and Convention: Distinguishing Grammar and Inference in Language (Oxford University Press, 2015), which Ernie cowrote with Mathew Stone, chair of the Department of Computer Science at Rutgers. OUTLINE 00:00 IN THIS EPISODE 00:38 Introduction 05:33 Ernie’s Interest in the Philosophy of Language 14:17 Working with Ed Gettier, Jerry Fodor, Donald Davidson, and Michael Dummett 30:44 Language, Thought, and Convention 44:44 What is Meta-Linguistic Negotiation? 51:53 What is a Slur? 01:04:10 Philosophical Accounts of Slurs 01:13:50 Pejorative Content Accounts of Slurs 01:21:38 Non-Content Accounts of Slurs 01:30:52 A New Theory of Slurs Robinson’s Website: http://robinsonerhardt.com Robinson Erhardt researches symbolic logic and the foundations of mathematics at Stanford University. Join him in conversations with philosophers, scientists, weightlifters, artists, and everyone in-between.

4 Maj 20231h 46min