32: Early Sumerians in Ur, 2900-2600 BCE (Gilgamesh vs the Bull of Heaven)

32: Early Sumerians in Ur, 2900-2600 BCE (Gilgamesh vs the Bull of Heaven)

Guest: James

First: To punish Gilgamesh, Inanna sends the massive Bull of Heaven to ravage Unug. But, as it destroys farmland and drinks the rivers dry, Gilgamesh sits idle, drinking beer and listening to music!

Then, we visit Ur during the Archaic period (2900-2600 BCE) and finally take a look at the first certainly Sumerian writing. Administrative texts record a complex economy centered on the temple of the moon god Nanna, school tablets give us a look at scribal education, and the first lists of deities give us a faint glimpse of early Sumerian religion (although most of the gods listed are obscure).

Also: was Ur part of a league of Sumerian cities? Scattered evidence from the first half of the 3rd millennium BCE points to a confederation of city-states in southern Sumer (Ur, Unug, Nippur, Larsa, etc), who may have allied with each other to counterbalance the power of Kish (a large kingdom in the northern alluvium and our destination next episode!).

Finally, Gilgamesh faces off against the Bull of Heaven! We discuss the logistics of animal sacrifice and what may be a Sumerian euphemism describing Gilgamesh slapping Inanna with a wet bull pizzle.

Questions? Feedback? Email us at drumbeatforeverafter@gmail.com.

Follow us on Twitter and Instagram @drumbeatforever

Works cited

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Avsnitt(42)

41: Presargonic Lagash & Girsu, 2500-2300 BCE (Hymns to Nanshe)

41: Presargonic Lagash & Girsu, 2500-2300 BCE (Hymns to Nanshe)

Guest: Annika We've never been more back! We start off this new miniseries on Presargonic Lagash with a series of hymns to Nanshe, patron goddess of Ningen near the Gulf Coast and sister of Ningirsu, ...

13 Maj 20251h 17min

40: Royal Tombs of Ur, 2600-2400 BCE (The death of Gilgamesh)

40: Royal Tombs of Ur, 2600-2400 BCE (The death of Gilgamesh)

Guest: Sheila We're so back! First, a Sumerian poem about Gilgamesh which mentions his trip to see Ziusudra (also known as Atrahasis, Utnapishtim, and/or Noah), which some have interpreted as evidence...

26 Jan 202556min

Update on the show & beveled-rim bowls

Update on the show & beveled-rim bowls

Check out episodes 17-28, most of which I re-recorded and reuploaded recently. New episodes on Early Dynastic Sumer coming soon.

7 Dec 20245min

39: Temples of Early Dynastic Nippur, 2900-2300 BCE (Enlil & Ninlil)

39: Temples of Early Dynastic Nippur, 2900-2300 BCE (Enlil & Ninlil)

Guest: Stacy First, a story about Enlil, the Sumerian god of kingship, and his future wife Ninlil; he sees her bathing in a canal in their hometown of Nippur, and the narrative isn't especially concer...

23 Juni 202345min

38: Abu Salabikh and the first Semitic-language literature, 2600-2500 BCE (Debate between two women, Lugalbanda & Ninsuna)

38: Abu Salabikh and the first Semitic-language literature, 2600-2500 BCE (Debate between two women, Lugalbanda & Ninsuna)

Guests: Lily, Annika First: a literary debate between two women (much of its meaning hidden beneath several layers of abstraction). It tells us a lot about public expectations of Sumerian housewives, ...

21 Maj 202354min

37: The decline & fall of Kish, 2600-2300 BCE (Hymn to Shamash, Kesh temple hymn)

37: The decline & fall of Kish, 2600-2300 BCE (Hymn to Shamash, Kesh temple hymn)

(Sorry I disappeared for three months! I burned myself out working on rewriting old episodes and had to focus on other stuff for a couple months. I'm back in the saddle now, with episodes written up t...

25 Apr 202349min

36: Interviews: Karrar Sabah on Eridu, Malath Feadha & Jaafar Jotheri on the geology of the Sumerian wetlands

36: Interviews: Karrar Sabah on Eridu, Malath Feadha & Jaafar Jotheri on the geology of the Sumerian wetlands

Two interviews with three Iraqi academics! I interviewed Karrar Sabah Al Ramahi, then a PhD student at Baghdad University, about his research on the city of Eridu! Furqan Salam helped with the transla...

23 Jan 202358min

35: Shuruppak & the first Sumerian literature, 2600-2500 BCE (Instructions of Shuruppak)

35: Shuruppak & the first Sumerian literature, 2600-2500 BCE (Instructions of Shuruppak)

Guest: Lily First: the world's oldest known wisdom literature, in the form of a series of proverbs delivered from the eponymous Shuruppak (king of Shuruppak) to his son Zi-ud-sura (alias Utnapishtim, ...

23 Dec 202259min

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