#549: Geo-Forensics 1

Today we are posting our reflections on the attack on our country on 9/11/2001, twenty years after the immense tragedy. Lisa was in New York City that day, Jim was at Quantico. They both recount their experiences that day and in the chaotic days afterward. Jim talks about his new podcast on Audible, called "After The Fall" which sheds new light on the events leading up to the horrific terrorist attack.Listen here: https://www.audible.com/pd/After-the-Fall-Podcast/B09F4KFZVBCorrection: Lisa meant to say Windows on the World, not The Rainbow Room, when referring to the restaurant in the World Trade Center.See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

11 Sep 202139min

Amy Over was a high school senior at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado in 1999. She was on the Girls' Basketball Team and her mentor was Coach Dave Sanders. She was in the school cafeteria on April 20th when two armed students entered and started shooting. Amy found herself hiding under a table and then running for her life. At the end of their rampage, her coach and twelve other students were dead...and hundreds of lives were never the same again. We interview Amy, who’s podcast Confronting: Columbine reflects upon the over twenty years since the Columbine High School tragedy. In her podcast, she asks many hard questions about what really happened that day …. and the days and years that followed. The grief for the murdered victims lives on… as does the trauma for the survivors. You can listen to this 10 episode podcast (plus bonus content) on Wondery. https://wondery.com/shows/confronting/episode/5970-bonus-greg/See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

8 Sep 202145min

We continue our interview with Dublin police Sergeant, Misty Carausu who was key in getting Denise and Aaron cleared of any potential charges and bringing the true offender to justice. Misty takes us step by step on her relentless search for more information on MM, based on her instinct that he had been involved in other crimes. She talks about her numerous calls to other police departments, calls to the FBI, follow ups on other similar cases and complaints, collecting all kinds of evidence — yet many times her efforts were brushed off by the very people who should have been welcoming her leads. Laura and Jim share with Misty their theories about the primary motivation in the case. LINK TO VICTIM F BOOKhttps://amzn.to/3fPBbo2SUPPORT OUR OTHER SHOWS! CRIME ANALYST - Across The Forgotten Victim series, Laura Richards analyses and deconstructs the murders and attacks on lone women committed by Peter Sutcliffe (known as PS throughout the series) in the north east of England in the 1960s and 1970s. Laura believes this is one of the most misunderstood cases of our time. Join Laura each week in the intelligence cell as she behaviourally breaks down each attack and highlights which cases she believes to be linked, why PS did what he did and how he was allowed to get away with it for so long. www.crime-analyst.com THE FIRST WIFE: John Meehan’s Reign of Terror. Check out Laura’s new podcast about Tania Bales who was married to John Meehan long before the world came to know him as “Dirty John”. Go to: https://www.audible.com/pd/The-First-Wife-John-Meehans-Reign-of-Terror-Podcast/B099BYMH4G?fbclid=IwAR3t0WekDIM3PQ5Cq4GRIVDmZ-q0gr2JpUufE-JhNnE9JRV1S483vWXfK04KILLER CASTING PODCAST - Coming up, Lisa dives into the exquisite little gem of a movie “CODA” starring Marlee Matlin, Troy Kotsur, Emilia Jones, Daniel Durant and Eugenio Derbez. It is a MUST SEE film. The impeccable and IMPORTANT casting of actors who are deaf, the story and the music will give you all the feels. Lisa is joined by Antoinette Abbamonte, an actress who herself is deaf, to analyze what makes CODA such an inspiring project. Tune into https://www.killercastingpod.com/podcast or SUBSCRIBE to wherever you listen to your podcasts including Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/killer-casting/id1537283659 Spotify and Stitcher. AMERICA'S MOST WANTED - America’s Most Wanted is BACK, with Elizabeth Vargas hosting and Jim Clemente as an Executive Producer. You can stream it right now on Fox. . https://www.fox.com/americas-most-wanted/BEST CASE WORST CASEBe sure and check out Jim’s podcast Best Case/Worst Case that he does along with former Federal Prosecutor Francey Hakes. Join them as they go behind police lines with unparalleled access to law enforcement officers, looking back at their most memorable cases – for better or for worse. Subscribe now!https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/best-case-worst-case/id1240002929See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

1 Sep 202141min

We interview former Sergeant Misty Carausu of the Dublin Police Department, who became instrumental in connecting the dots in Denise and Aaron’s case. While investigating a home robbery, assault and attempted kidnapping of a family in Dublin, California (40 miles away from Vallejo) , Sergeant Carausu became concerned that the suspect they had in custody for that crime might have committed other home invasions. One seemingly small clue that she noticed — a strand of blonde hair stuck to a pair of blacked out goggles — led her on a dogged search for more victims. Misty talks about searching the offender’s home in South Lake Tahoe and paraphernalia that she found which led her to ask more questions about other potentially linked crimes. The clip used in this episode can be viewed in its entirety here:https://www.goodmorningamerica.com/news/story/survivors-called-girl-case-reflect-life-changing-experience-77964075LINK TO VICTIM F BOOKhttps://amzn.to/3fPBbo2We are so thankful for our sponsors. Please do take a look at what special offers they have for our listeners.IMPERFECT FOODS - Did you know, in 2019, 35% of the food supply went unsold or uneaten in the US? Imperfect Foods is working to turn this around by sourcing foods that would otherwise fall through the cracks of our food system. Unlike on-demand delivery companies, Imperfect delivers by neighborhood, a unique model that produces 25–75% fewer emissions than individual trips to the grocery store. All you have to do is sign up, personalize your weekly order, and then shop online each week and get sustainable groceries that help you invest in a better food system -- all delivered to your front door. Right now, Imperfect Foods is offering our listeners 20% off your first 4 orders when you go to www.imperfectfoods.com and make sure to use promo code REALCRIME KEY BY AMAZON - Amazon Key - With Amazon Key In-Garage Delivery, drivers deliver Amazon packages and groceries straight to your garage, and you can get them whenever you’re ready. Convenient and easy to use. Your packages are safe inside your garage for ultimate peace of mind. You don’t have to share your garage code. Drivers scan your Amazon package, Key verifies the delivery, and that the driver is at the right address, and that grants one-time access to open the garage door. They just leave the package in your preferred location and close it - the process is really quick.You’ll get a $40 Amazon credit with your first In-Garage Delivery.Amazon Key In-Garage Delivery is Free for Prime members. Visit www.amazon.com/amazonkey to learn more. That’s www.amazon.com/amazonkey.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++SUPPORT OUR OTHER SHOWS! CRIME ANALYST - Across The Forgotten Victim series, Laura Richards analyses and deconstructs the murders and attacks on lone women committed by Peter Sutcliffe (known as PS throughout the series) in the north east of England in the 1960s and 1970s. Laura believes this is one of the most misunderstood cases of our time. Join Laura each week in the intelligence cell as she behaviourally breaks down each attack and highlights which cases she believes to be linked, why PS did what he did and how he was allowed to get away with it for so long. www.crime-analyst.com THE FIRST WIFE: John Meehan’s Reign of Terror. Check out Laura’s new podcast about Tania Bales who was married to John Meehan long before the world came to know him as “Dirty John”. Go to: https://www.audible.com/pd/The-First-Wife-John-Meehans-Reign-of-Terror-Podcast/B099BYMH4G?fbclid=IwAR3t0WekDIM3PQ5Cq4GRIVDmZ-q0gr2JpUufE-JhNnE9JRV1S483vWXfK04KILLER CASTING PODCAST - Coming up, Lisa dives into the exquisite little gem of a movie “CODA” starring Marlee Matlin, Troy Kotsur, Emilia Jones, Daniel Durant and Eugenio Derbez. It is a MUST SEE film. The impeccable and IMPORTANT casting of actors who are deaf, the story and the music will give you all the feels. Lisa is joined by Antoinette Abbamonte, an actress who herself is deaf, to analyze what makes CODA such an inspiring project. Tune into https://www.killercastingpod.com/podcast or SUBSCRIBE to wherever you listen to your podcasts including Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/killer-casting/id1537283659Spotify and Stitcher. AMERICA'S MOST WANTED - America’s Most Wanted is BACK, with Elizabeth Vargas hosting and Jim Clemente as an Executive Producer. You can stream it right now on Fox. . https://www.fox.com/americas-most-wanted/BEST CASE WORST CASEBe sure and check out Jim’s podcast Best Case/Worst Case that he does along with former Federal Prosecutor Francey Hakes. Join them as they go behind police lines with unparalleled access to law enforcement officers, looking back at their most memorable cases – for better or for worse. Subscribe now!https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/best-case-worst-case/id1240002929See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

25 Aug 202140min

Investigative reporter and co-author of the book “Victim F”, Nicole Weisensee Egan deep dives into the tactics used against Aaron when he was interrogated by police. Jim and Laura are shocked that the detective who handled this case so badly actually received the “Law Enforcement Officer of the Year” Award that year. Jim weighs in with what he thinks was going on with the initial police investigation. Laura reads a reprehensible quote that Detective Matt Mustard said to Denise’s mother and also points out that the misogynistic attitudes evidenced by some in the Vallejo police should disqualify them from dealing with vulnerable victims.LINK TO VICTIM F BOOKhttps://amzn.to/3fPBbo2You can hear the links used in this episode in their entirety here:https://abc7news.com/gone-girl-kidnapping-case-vallejo-kidnap-hoax-matthew-muller/1335950/https://abcnews.go.com/2020/video/police-cast-doubt-aaron-quinns-story-denise-huskins-78095427We are so thankful for our sponsors. Please do take a look at what special offers they have for our listeners.WILD ALASKAN COMPANY - delivers high quality, sustainably-sourced Wild-Caught Seafood right to your door. Each shipment contains premium wild-caught, individually wrapped portions of delicious seafood that’s ready to prepare and easy to cook. Wild Alaskan Company seafood is how nature intended it to be. Always wild, never farmed or modified, and it contains no antibiotics. And right now you can get $15 off your 1st box of premium seafood when you visit www.wildalaskancompany.com/REALCRIME. Make sure to use our URL to let them know that we sent you!BEST FIENDS - Need a mental coffee break? Love keeping your mind sharp? Download the 5 star-rated puzzle game, Best Fiends today on the App Store or Google Play. That's FRIENDS without the R - Best Fiends!SUPPORT OUR OTHER SHOWS! CRIME ANALYST - This week Laura interviews Amanda Knox. This is an episode that you will not want to miss. Drops Friday 20 August. www.crime-analyst.comTHE FIRST WIFE: John Meehan’s Reign of Terror. Check out Laura’s new podcast about Tonia Bales who was married to John Meehan long before the world came to know him as “Dirty John”. Available exclusively on Audible: https://adbl.co/3BjteRcKILLER CASTING PODCAST - Coming up, Lisa takes on “The Cosby Show” with brilliant actress/director/producer Aisha Tyler. They talk about “The Cosby Show’s” influence on our culture, the depiction of the female characters…and how it was a mass grooming tool for Cosby to get away with his offenses for so long. Tune into https://www.killercastingpod.com/podcast or SUBSCRIBE to wherever you listen to your podcasts including Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/killer-casting/id1537283659Spotify and Stitcher. AMERICA'S MOST WANTED - America’s Most Wanted is BACK, with Elizabeth Vargas hosting and Jim Clemente as an Executive Producer. You can stream it right now on Fox. . https://www.fox.com/americas-most-wanted/BEST CASE WORST CASEBe sure and check out Jim’s podcast Best Case/Worst Case that he does along with former Federal Prosecutor Francey Hakes. Join them as they go behind police lines with unparalleled access to law enforcement officers, looking back at their most memorable cases – for better or for worse. Subscribe now!https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/best-case-worst-case/id1240002929See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

18 Aug 202139min

We interview award-winning journalist Nicole Weisensee Egan, who had asked Laura to review the book "Victim F" which she co-authored with Denise Huskins and Aaron Quinn. Nicki was intrigued to know Laura and Jim’s opinion on the case. Nicki also tells us how many loose ends and unanswered questions still remain because no one has ever really properly investigated the crime. LINK TO VICTIM F BOOKhttps://amzn.to/3fPBbo2LINK TO CHASING COSBY THE BOOKhttps://amzn.to/3AzekW1LINK TO CHASING COSBY THE PODCASThttps://music.amazon.com/podcasts/dffd76b6-f14b-4ed0-a2d6-c45bad63a0b2/chasing-cosby?refMarker=dm_wcp_af_r&ref=dmm_acq_mrn_d_ds_rh&ref=dmm_acq_mrn_d_ds_rh&You can hear the clips used in this episode in their entirety at this link:https://abcnews.go.com/theview/video/denise-huskins-aaron-quinn-recount-kidnapping-discuss-book-78134213We are so thankful for our sponsors. Please do take a look at what special offers they have for our listeners.Boll & Branch - To experience the best sheets you’ve ever felt, choose Boll & Branch. Buttery-soft, lightweight in a 100% organic cotton sateen weave that’s perfect for all seasons. You can try them worry-free for 30 nights, with free shipping and returns. And our listeners get an exclusive 15% off your first set of sheets at www.bollandbranch.com PROMO CODE: rcpPurple - Only Purple mattresses have “The Grid”. Its unique ventilated design allows air to flow through, to help you sleep cool. Even when it feels like a thousand degrees out. And The Grid is amazingly supportive for your back and legs while cushioning your shoulders, neck, and hips. No matter how you sleep. Purple is comfort reinvented. Right now, you’ll get 10% off any order of $200 or more! Go to www.purple.com/realcrime10 and use promo code REALCRIME10. Amazon Key - With Amazon Key In-Garage Delivery, drivers deliver Amazon packages and groceries straight to your garage, and you can get them whenever you’re ready. Convenient and easy to use. Your packages are safe inside your garage for ultimate peace of mind. You don’t have to share your garage code. Drivers scan your Amazon package, Key verifies the delivery, and that the driver is at the right address, and that grants one-time access to open the garage door. They just leave the package in your preferred location and close it - the process is really quick.You’ll get a $40 Amazon credit with your first In-Garage Delivery.Amazon Key In-Garage Delivery is Free for Prime members. Visit www.amazon.com/amazonkey to learn more. That’s www.amazon.com/amazonkey.SUPPORT OUR OTHER SHOWS! CRIME ANALYST - Across The Forgotten Victim series, Laura Richards analyses and deconstructs the murders and attacks on lone women committed by Peter Sutcliffe (known as PS throughout the series) in the north east of England in the 1960s and 1970s. Laura believes this is one of the most misunderstood cases of our time. Join Laura each week in the intelligence cell as she behaviourally breaks down each attack and highlights which cases she believes to be linked, why PS did what he did and how he was allowed to get away with it for so long. www.crime-analyst.com THE FIRST WIFE: John Meehan’s Reign of Terror. Check out Laura’s new podcast about Tania Bales who was married to John Meehan long before the world came to know him as “Dirty John”. Go to: https://www.audible.com/pd/The-First-Wife-John-Meehans-Reign-of-Terror-Podcast/B099BYMH4G?fbclid=IwAR3t0WekDIM3PQ5Cq4GRIVDmZ-q0gr2JpUufE-JhNnE9JRV1S483vWXfK04KILLER CASTING PODCAST - Coming up, Lisa takes on “The Cosby Show” with brilliant actress/director/producer Aisha Tyler. They talk about “The Cosby Show’s” influence on our culture, the depiction of the female characters…and how it was a mass grooming tool for Cosby to get away with his offenses for so long. Tune into https://www.killercastingpod.com/podcast or SUBSCRIBE to wherever you listen to your podcasts including Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/killer-casting/id1537283659 Spotify and Stitcher. AMERICA'S MOST WANTED - America’s Most Wanted is BACK, with Elizabeth Vargas hosting and Jim Clemente as an Executive Producer. You can stream it right now on Fox. https://www.fox.com/americas-most-wanted/BEST CASE WORST CASEBe sure and check out Jim’s podcast Best Case/Worst Case that he does along with former Federal Prosecutor Francey Hakes. Join them as they go behind police lines with unparalleled access to law enforcement officers, looking back at their most memorable cases – for better or for worse. Subscribe now!https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/best-case-worst-case/id1240002929See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

11 Aug 202149min

We wrap up our follow-up conversation with Denise Huskins and Aaron Quinn with Jim and Laura digging deeper into their case. Jim discusses the unusual dichotomy of the offender’s behavior as both sadistic in nature, and also presenting as a power-reassurance rapist — which could also indicate multiple offenders in this crime. Laura talks about how dangerous perpetrators are able to get out of prison due to both the mistakes by law enforcement and also their cunning in gaming the system. You can read Denise and Aaron’s book, co-written with investigative journalist Nicole Weisensee Egan "Victim F" available now on Amazon. https://amzn.to/3dhzvCJ#VictimF#DeniseHuskins#AaronQuinn#NicoleWeisenseeEgan#believevictimsCLIPS PLAYED IN TODAY’S EPISODE CAN BE HEARD IN THEIR ENTIRETY HERE:Denise Huskins, Aaron Quinn Want Vallejo Police to "Make Changes to Be Better" | The Viewhttps://youtu.be/Z0Hc03N9l-E 'Gone Girl' Case: Break in Bizarre Kidnapping – ABC Newshttps://youtu.be/IhZxY4cPOwoPLEASE SUPPORT OUR SPONSORSGROVE - Choosing products that are better for you and the planet has never been easier. For a limited time, when our listeners go to www.grove.com/realcrime you will get to choose a FREE starter set with your first order. FRESHLY - We’re all trying to get in shape and eat right. Freshly can help. Their delicious meals are designed by nutritionists and cooked by chefs, making it easier to eat better. Freshly offers chef-made, nutrient-packed, delicious meals delivered fresh to your door. No cooking required! Right now, Freshly is offering our listeners $40 off your first two orders when you go to www.freshly.com/realcrime SUPPORT OUR OTHER SHOWS! CRIME ANALYST - Across The Forgotten Victim series, Laura Richards analyses and deconstructs the murders and attacks on lone women committed by Peter Sutcliffe (known as PS throughout the series) in the north east of England in the 1960s and 1970s. Laura believes this is one of the most misunderstood cases of our time. Join Laura each week in the intelligence cell as she behaviourally breaks down each attack and highlights which cases she believes to be linked, why PS did what he did and how he was allowed to get away with it for so long. www.crime-analyst.com THE FIRST WIFE: John Meehan’s Reign of Terror. Check out Laura’s new podcast about Tania Bales who was married to John Meehan long before the world came to know him as “Dirty John”. Go to: https://www.audible.com/pd/The-First-Wife-John-Meehans-Reign-of-Terror-Podcast/B099BYMH4G?fbclid=IwAR3t0WekDIM3PQ5Cq4GRIVDmZ-q0gr2JpUufE-JhNnE9JRV1S483vWXfK04KILLER CASTING PODCAST - Coming up, Lisa takes on “The Cosby Show” with brilliant actress/director/producer Aisha Tyler. They talk of about “The Cosby Show’s” influence on our culture…and how it was a mass grooming tool for Cosby to get away with his offenses for so long. Tune into www.killercastingpod.com or go to wherever you listen to your podcasts including Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/033-scott-ryan-mr-inbetween-promo-minosode/id1537283659?i=1000526626837, Spotify and Stitcher. AMERICA'S MOST WANTED - America’s Most Wanted is BACK, with Elizabeth Vargas hosting and Jim Clemente as an Executive Producer. You can stream it right now on Fox. . https://www.fox.com/americas-most-wanted/BEST CASE WORST CASEBe sure and check out Jim’s podcast Best Case/Worst Case that he does along with former Federal Prosecutor Francey Hakes. Join them as they go behind police lines with unparalleled access to law enforcement officers, looking back at their most memorable cases – for better or for worse. Subscribe now!https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/best-case-worst-case/id1240002929See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

4 Aug 202132min

Jim and Laura continue their discussion with Denise and Aaron and their fight with the police department that continued even after the real abductor was captured. The ordeal led to media scrutiny and eventually to writing the book "Victim F".#victimsmatter#denisehuskins#aaronquinn#victimfbook#nicoleweisenseeeganThe clips you hear excerpted in our episode can be heard in their entirety here:Denise Huskins, Aaron Quinn Want Vallejo Police to "Make Changes to Be Better" | The Viewhttps://youtu.be/Z0Hc03N9l-E 'Gone Girl' Case: Break in Bizarre Kidnapping – ABC Newshttps://youtu.be/IhZxY4cPOwoAUDIBLE ORIGINAL - THE FIRST WIFE: JOHN MEEHAN'S REIGHT OF TERROR. New Podcast created by Laura Richards on Audible. July 22, 2021https://variety.com/2021/tv/podcasts/dirty-john-podcast-the-first-wife-1235022802/https://soundcloud.com/audible/the-first-wife-john-meehans-reign-of-terror-trailerPLEASE CLICK ON AND SUPPORT OUR SPONSORS. Their sponsorship makes it possible for us to bring you Real Crime Profile. IMPERFECT FOODSEvery year, billions of pounds of food goes to waste. Don't you wish there was a way to prevent all of that waste? Imperfect foods is aon a mission to eliminate food waste and build a better food system for everyone.Get 20% off your first 4 orders at ImperfectFoods.com and use offer code REALCRIME.WILD ALASKAN COMPANY -Wild Alaskan Company delivers high quality, sustainably-sourced wild-caught seafood right to your door. Choose from salmon, white fish, or a combination. And every month there are different specials to explore. Each shipment contains premium wild-caught, individually wrapped portions of delicious seafood that’s ready to prepare and easy to cook. Wild Alaskan Company seafood is how nature intended it to be. Always wild, neverfarmed or modified, and it contains no antibiotics. And they offer 100%satisfaction guaranteed or your money back.Get $15 off your first box of premium seafood when you visit WildAlaskanCompany.com/REALCRIMESUPPORT OUR OTHER SHOWSCRIME ANALYST - Across The Forgotten Victim series, Laura Richards analyses and deconstructs the murders and attacks on lone women committed by Peter Sutcliffe (known as PS throughout the series) in the north east of England in the 1960s and 1970s. Laura believes this is one of the most misunderstood cases of our time. Join Laura each week in the intelligence cell as she behaviourally breaks down each attack and highlights which cases she believes to be linked, why PS did what he did and how he was allowed to get away with it for so long. www.crime-analyst.com KILLER CASTING PODCAST - Lisa, Brian and Dean interview NASH EDGERTON -- director and producer of the brilliant Aussie crime show "Mr. Inbetween" streaming now on FX. Nash talks about working on the finale and reflects upon the entire series. Guess what????? Nash's wife Carla is a BIG FAN of RCP!!!! Such a small world! Tune into www.killercastingpod.com or go to wherever you listen to your podcasts including Apple Podcasts, https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/033-scott-ryan-mr-inbetween-promo-minosode/id1537283659?i=1000526626837, Spotify and Stitcher. Or click here for the latest show! https://killercasting.libsyn.comAMERICA'S MOST WANTED - America’s Most Wanted is BACK, with Elizabeth Vargas hosting and Jim Clemente as an Executive Producer. You can stream it right now on Fox. . https://www.fox.com/americas-most-wanted/BEST CASE WORST CASEBe sure and check out Jim’s podcast Best Case/Worst Case that he does along with former Federal Prosecutor Francey Hakes. Join them as they go behind police lines with unparalleled access to law enforcement officers, looking back at their most memorable cases – for better or for worse. Subscribe now!https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/best-case-worst-case/id1240002929See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.

28 Juli 202129min