#481 – Norman Ohler: Hitler, Nazis, Drugs, WW2, Blitzkrieg, LSD, MKUltra & CIA

#481 – Norman Ohler: Hitler, Nazis, Drugs, WW2, Blitzkrieg, LSD, MKUltra & CIA

Norman Ohler is a historian and author of "Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich," a book that investigates the role of psychoactive drugs, particularly stimulants such as methamphetamine, in the military history of World War II. It is a book that two legendary historians Ian Kershaw and Antony Beevor give very high praise for its depth of research. Norman also wrote "Tripped: Nazi Germany, the CIA, and the Dawn of the Psychedelic Age", and he is working on a new book "Stoned Sapiens" looking at the history of human civilization through the lens of drugs. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep481-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/norman-ohler-transcript CONTACT LEX: Feedback - give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/survey AMA - submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/ama Hiring - join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiring Other - other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contact EPISODE LINKS: Stoned Sapiens Substack: https://substack.com/@stonedsapiens Norman's X: https://x.com/normanohler Norman's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/normanohler Norman's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Norman-Ohler Norman's Website: https://www.normanohler.de Norman's books: https://amzn.to/46uNS18 Blitzed: https://amzn.to/4mmY2XC The Bohemians: https://amzn.to/3KubPhK Tripped: https://amzn.to/4nEy7eX SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts: UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lex Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lex Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lex LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lex Hampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lex OUTLINE: (00:00) - Introduction (01:09) - Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:00) - Drugs in post-WWI Germany (19:18) - Nazi rise to power (23:45) - Hitler's drug use (29:37) - Response to historian criticism (46:16) - Pervitin (1:00:15) - Blitzkrieg and meth (1:18:52) - Erwin Rommel (Crystal Fox) (1:23:02) - Dunkirk (1:31:06) - Hitler's drug addiction (1:47:03) - Methamphetamine (1:48:57) - Invasion of Soviet Union (2:07:54) - Cocaine (2:16:49) - Hitler's last days (2:36:48) - German resistance against Nazis (2:58:59) - Totalitarianism (3:04:09) - Stoned Sapiens - Drugs in human history (3:19:20) - Religion (3:30:09) - LSD, CIA, and MKUltra (3:55:39) - Writing on drugs (4:08:40) - Berlin night clubs (4:19:14) - Greatest book ever written

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#309 – John Carmack: Doom, Quake, VR, AGI, Programming, Video Games, and Rockets

#309 – John Carmack: Doom, Quake, VR, AGI, Programming, Video Games, and Rockets

John Carmack is a legendary programmer, co-founder of id Software, and lead programmer of many revolutionary video games including Wolfenstein 3D, Doom, Quake, and the Commander Keen series. He is also the founder of Armadillo Aerospace, and for many years the CTO of Oculus VR. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: John's Twitter: https://twitter.com/ID_AA_Carmack Books mentioned: Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution: https://amzn.to/3SkNZER Game Engine Black Book Wolfenstein 3D: https://amzn.to/3QlOqg8 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (09:49) - Programming languages (40:53) - Modern programming (50:55) - Day in the life (58:45) - Hard work (1:01:58) - Pizza and Diet Coke (1:04:43) - Setup (1:30:01) - id Software (2:02:50) - Commander Keen (2:09:36) - Hacker ethic (2:17:16) - Wolfenstein 3D (2:37:14) - Doom (2:51:34) - Quake (3:15:55) - John Romero (3:23:42) - Metaverse (3:52:04) - Elon Musk (3:57:59) - Mars (4:07:01) - Nuclear energy (4:10:39) - AGI (4:57:51) - Andrej Karpathy (5:00:50) - Martial arts (5:09:49) - Advice for young people (5:18:49) - Meaning of life

4 Aug 20225h 22min

#308 – Ryan Graves: UFOs, Fighter Jets, and Aliens

#308 – Ryan Graves: UFOs, Fighter Jets, and Aliens

Lt. Ryan Graves is a former Navy fighter pilot, who has worked on advanced research and development programs for DARPA, Office of Naval Research, and Air Force Research Labs on topics of multi-agent collaborative autonomy, AI-assisted air-to-air combat, and manned-unmanned teaming technologies. Ryan and people in his squadron detected and engaged with UFOs on multiple occasions, and he has been one of the few people willing to speak publicly about these experiences. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - GiveWell: https://www.givewell.org/ and use code LEX - Notion: https://notion.com/startups to get up to $1000 off team plan - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Ryan's Twitter: https://twitter.com/uncertainvector Ryan's Website: https://uncertainvector.com DoD Statement: https://defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/2165713/statement-by-the-department-of-defense-on-the-release-of-historical-navy-videos/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:28) - Top Gun analysis (19:33) - Fighter jets (1:07:00) - UFO sightings (1:33:28) - Congressional hearing (1:41:29) - Tic Tac UFO & Gimbal UFO (1:55:55) - Alien life (2:09:17) - Autonomous weapon systems (2:26:24) - Advice for young people (2:34:40) - Meaning of life

1 Aug 20222h 37min

#307 – Brian Armstrong: Coinbase, Cryptocurrency, and Government Regulation

#307 – Brian Armstrong: Coinbase, Cryptocurrency, and Government Regulation

Brian Armstrong is the CEO of Coinbase. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Audible: https://audible.com/lex - Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex - BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off - Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex and use code LEX to get 1 month of fish oil EPISODE LINKS: Brian's Twitter: https://twitter.com/brian_armstrong Brian's Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/brian_armstrong Coinbase's Website: https://www.coinbase.com ResearchHub: https://www.researchhub.com NewLimit: https://www.newlimit.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:19) - Programming (14:17) - Coinbase (45:05) - Startup advice (1:02:56) - Economic freedom (1:12:06) - Coinbase technology (1:23:33) - Listing on Coinbase (1:32:47) - Regulations (1:47:25) - Crypto dominance (1:51:42) - Employee activism (2:08:00) - Leadership (2:10:39) - ResearchHub (2:20:17) - NewLimit (2:24:44) - Advice for young people (2:28:55) - Meaning of life

29 Juli 20222h 36min

#306 – Oriol Vinyals: Deep Learning and Artificial General Intelligence

#306 – Oriol Vinyals: Deep Learning and Artificial General Intelligence

Oriol Vinyals is the Research Director and Deep Learning Lead at DeepMind. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get 14-day free trial - Weights & Biases: https://lexfridman.com/wnb - Magic Spoon: https://magicspoon.com/lex and use code LEX to get $5 off - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Oriol's Twitter: https://twitter.com/oriolvinyalsml Oriol's publications: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=NkzyCvUAAAAJ DeepMind's Twitter: https://twitter.com/DeepMind DeepMind's Instagram: https://instagram.com/deepmind DeepMind's Website: https://deepmind.com Papers: 1. Gato: https://deepmind.com/publications/a-generalist-agent 2. Flamingo: https://deepmind.com/blog/tackling-multiple-tasks-with-a-single-visual-language-model 3. Language Models are Few-Shot Learners: https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14165 4. Emergent Abilities of Large Language Models: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.07682 5. Attention Is All You Need: https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2017/file/3f5ee243547dee91fbd053c1c4a845aa-Paper.pdf PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (05:18) - AI (20:14) - Weights (26:33) - Gato (1:01:22) - Meta learning (1:15:21) - Neural networks (1:37:46) - Emergence (1:44:30) - AI sentience (2:08:27) - AGI

26 Juli 20222h 15min

#305 – Martin Rees: Black Holes, Alien Life, Dark Matter, and the Big Bang

#305 – Martin Rees: Black Holes, Alien Life, Dark Matter, and the Big Bang

Lord Martin Rees is a cosmologist and astrophysicist at Cambridge University and co-founder of the Centre for the Study of Existential Risk. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Lambda: https://lambdalabs.com/lex - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod and use code LexPod to get 3 months free - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off EPISODE LINKS: Martin's Twitter: https://twitter.com/lordmartinrees Martin's Website: https://www.martinrees.uk Martin's Books: If Science is to Save Us: https://amzn.to/3yXRqsc The End of Astronauts: https://amzn.to/3B604ro On the Future: https://amzn.to/3OlzLjB PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:39) - Understanding the universe (15:09) - Human limitations and AI (24:05) - Dark matter (31:25) - Vast universe (39:07) - Alien life (52:59) - Space exploration (1:17:22) - Future technology (1:28:44) - Newton and Einstein (1:32:46) - Black holes (1:46:27) - Cosmological threats (2:13:31) - Advice for young people (2:16:02) - Mortality

23 Juli 20222h 19min

#304 – Bishop Robert Barron: Christianity and the Catholic Church

#304 – Bishop Robert Barron: Christianity and the Catholic Church

Robert Barron is a bishop and founder of Word on Fire Catholic Ministries. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Mizzen+Main: https://mizzenandmain.com and use code LEX to get $35 off - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Notion: https://notion.com/startups to get up to $1000 off team plan - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex and use code LEX to get 25% off premium - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex and use code LEX to get special savings EPISODE LINKS: Robert's Instagram: https://instagram.com/bishopbarron Robert's Twitter: https://twitter.com/BishopBarron Word on Fire's Instagram: https://instagram.com/wordonfire_catholicministries Word on Fire's Twitter: https://twitter.com/WordOnFire Word on Fire's Website: https://wordonfire.org Robert's Books: Redeeming the Time: https://amzn.to/3PwNQf0 Catholicism: https://amzn.to/3RyDMEh PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:50) - Who is God? (20:30) - Christianity (25:18) - Sin (42:48) - The Trinity (44:32) - Catholicism (54:29) - Sexual abuse scandal (1:01:16) - Evil (1:12:59) - Atheism (1:24:21) - Jordan Peterson (1:26:56) - Jesus (1:29:42) - The Bible (1:32:17) - America (1:35:08) - Nietzsche (1:39:12) - Word on Fire (1:42:31) - Gay marriage (1:44:48) - Abortion (1:51:38) - Advice for young people (1:54:12) - Mortality (1:58:30) - Meaning of life

20 Juli 20222h

#303 – Steve Keen: Marxism, Capitalism, and Economics

#303 – Steve Keen: Marxism, Capitalism, and Economics

Steve Keen is a heterodox economist and author. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Weights & Biases: https://lexfridman.com/wnb - Skiff: https://skiff.org/lex - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Steve's Twitter: https://twitter.com/profstevekeen The New Economics (book): https://amzn.to/3zb4eg4 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:26) - Defining economics (14:26) - Schools of economics (38:45) - Karl Marx (57:00) - Labor theory of value (1:16:45) - Socialism (1:31:48) - Soviet Union (1:45:08) - China (2:05:00) - Climate change (2:27:03) - Economics vs Politics (2:35:06) - Minsky's model (2:49:50) - Financial crisis (2:55:07) - Inflation (3:08:21) - Marxism (3:15:42) - Space and AI (3:21:47) - Advice for young people (3:25:38) - Depression (3:30:10) - Love (3:34:11) - Mortality

17 Juli 20223h 36min

#302 – Richard Haier: IQ Tests, Human Intelligence, and Group Differences

#302 – Richard Haier: IQ Tests, Human Intelligence, and Group Differences

Richard Haier is a psychologist specializing in the science of human intelligence. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Calm: https://calm.com/lex to get 40% off - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit - BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex and use code LEX - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off EPISODE LINKS: Richard's Twitter: https://twitter.com/rjhaier Richard's Website: https://richardhaier.com/ Documents & Articles: 1. Child IQ and survival to 79: https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5491698/ 2. Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth: https://my.vanderbilt.edu/smpy/files/2013/02/DoingPsychScience2006.pdf Books: 1. The Neuroscience of Intelligence: https://amzn.to/3n50DcC 2. The Book of Five Rings: https://amzn.to/3y4Xcc6 3. The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: https://amzn.to/3zPAW7q 4. Flowers for Algernon: https://amzn.to/3OfRKZS 5. The Bell Curve: https://amzn.to/3Ng4RJe 6. The Mismeasure of Man: https://amzn.to/3N9IkxB 7. Human Diversity: https://amzn.to/3O7Trsc 8. Facing Reality: https://amzn.to/3bfzqkX PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (08:06) - Measuring human intelligence (22:34) - IQ tests (45:23) - College entrance exams (53:59) - Genetics (59:58) - Enhancing intelligence (1:07:27) - The Bell Curve (1:19:58) - Race differences (1:39:11) - Bell curve criticisms (1:48:21) - Intelligence and life success (1:57:57) - Flynn effect (2:02:49) - Nature vs nuture (2:29:42) - Testing artificial intelligence (2:41:46) - Advice (2:45:53) - Mortality

14 Juli 20222h 51min

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