21st March 1871: Otto von Bismarck formally appointed first Chancellor of the German Empire
Under Bismarck’s leadership, domestic policies sought to consolidate German unity and reduce opposition to the new state while foreign policy focused on maintaining stability in Europe and preventing conflicts that could threaten the new empire, by establishing a system of alliances that isolated ...
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20th March 1815: Napoleon Bonaparte begins his Hundred Days as ruler of France following his escape from Elba
Napoleon sought to consolidate his rule by promising reforms and peace in Europe, but the powers of the Seventh Coalition including Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Russia declared him an outlaw and he was defeated at the Battle of ...
20 Mars 0s
19th March 1882: First stone laid for the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona
The first stone of Barcelona’s iconic Sagrada Familia basilica was ...
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18th March 1921: Kronstadt Rebellion ends following a final assault by Bolshevik forces
On 7 March 1921, the Red Army launched an attack on Kronstadt across the frozen Gulf of Finland. The battle lasted for nearly two weeks, with heavy casualties on both ...
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17th March 1861: Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy under the rule of Victor Emmanuel II
The Italian parliament convened in Turin to proclaim the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy under Victor Emmanuel II, previously King of Sardinia, who was declared the first King of ...
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16th March 1190: The Jewish population of York massacred in a pogrom
Anti-Semitic attacks spread across England and reached York in March ...
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15th March 1848: Hungarian Revolution of 1848 begins in Pest, marking the start of a nationwide movement against Habsburg rule
Inspired by revolutionary movements in France and other parts of Europe, Hungarian reformers sought a constitutional government. However, by August 1849 the Hungarian forces were overwhelmed and the revolution was ...
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14th March 1958: Perry Como awarded the first gold record by the RIAA
Gold records were originally presented to artists by their own label, primarily as a form of self-congratulatory ...
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