#113 – Manolis Kellis: Human Genome and Evolutionary Dynamics

Michael Levin is a biologist at Tufts University working on novel ways to understand and control complex pattern formation in biological systems. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Henson Shaving: https://hensonshaving.com/lex and use code LEX to get 100 free blades with your razor - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off EPISODE LINKS: Michael's Twitter: https://twitter.com/drmichaellevin Michael's Website: https://drmichaellevin.org Michael's Papers: Biological Robots: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00880 Synthetic Organisms: https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19420889.2021.2005863 Limb Regeneration: https://science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abj2164 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:40) - Embryogenesis (14:08) - Xenobots: biological robots (27:55) - Sense of self (37:27) - Multi-scale competency architecture (48:58) - Free will (58:27) - Bioelectricity (1:11:44) - Planaria (1:23:33) - Building xenobots (1:47:08) - Unconventional cognition (2:11:39) - Origin of evolution (2:18:42) - Synthetic organisms (2:25:27) - Regenerative medicine (2:29:14) - Cancer suppression (2:33:15) - Viruses (2:38:28) - Cognitive light cones (2:43:03) - Advice for young people (2:47:47) - Death (2:57:17) - Meaning of life

1 Loka 20223h 5min

Daniel Negreanu is one of the greatest poker players of all time. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Backbone: https://playbackbone.com/lex to get perks with order - Audible: https://audible.com/lex to get 30-day free trial - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get 14-day free trial - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - Fundrise: https://fundrise.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Daniel's Twitter: https://twitter.com/RealKidPoker Daniel's Instagram: https://instagram.com/dnegspoker Daniel's YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/dnegreanu Daniel's MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex (MasterClass is a sponsor, use link to support podcast) Daniel's books: Power Hold'em Strategy: https://amzn.to/3ByYtJg Hold'em Wisdom for All Players: https://amzn.to/3LpgXQG Book mentioned: Modern Poker Theory: https://amzn.to/3dkJIBK PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:43) - Poker hands (14:39) - Poker ranges (20:10) - Game theory optimal (36:25) - Winning (42:57) - Losing (48:58) - Mental game (53:17) - Day in the life (1:02:20) - History of poker (1:06:10) - Poker solvers (1:12:46) - Online poker (1:20:49) - Greatest poker player of all time (1:40:43) - Main Event of the WSOP (1:49:14) - Advice for beginners (1:54:44) - Cheating (2:04:43) - Movies (2:10:10) - Advice for young people (2:19:29) - Love (2:24:43) - The Gambler

27 Syys 20220s

Will Sasso is a comedian, actor, and co-host of the Dudesy podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings - Athletic Greens: https://athleticgreens.com/lex to get 1 month of fish oil - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Onnit: https://lexfridman.com/onnit to get up to 10% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Will's Instagram: https://instagram.com/willsasso Will's Twitter: https://twitter.com/WillSasso Dudsey's YouTube: https://youtube.com/Dudesy Dudsey's Website: https://dudesypod.com Dudsey's Patreon: https://patreon.com/dudesy PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:16) - Video games (13:22) - Bobby Lee (15:32) - Stand-up comedy (23:03) - Robin Williams (24:25) - Loneliness and depression (32:46) - John Candy (39:35) - Friendship (45:23) - Ten Minute Podcast (50:22) - Dudesy podcast (58:41) - Acting (1:10:00) - Impressions (1:15:28) - Artificial intelligence (1:46:55) - Anxiety (1:56:49) - Kindness (2:00:45) - Bad days (2:04:39) - Pro wrestling (2:08:15) - Advice for young people (2:22:20) - Meaning of life

24 Syys 20222h 28min

Rana el Kaliouby is a pioneer in the field of emotion recognition and human-centric AI. She is the founder of Affectiva, deputy CEO of Smart Eye, and author of Girl Decoded. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Mizzen+Main: https://mizzenandmain.com and use code LEX to get $35 off - Weights & Biases: https://lexfridman.com/wnb - Notion: https://notion.com - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free EPISODE LINKS: Rana's Twitter: https://twitter.com/kaliouby Rana's Instagram: https://instagram.com/ranaelkaliouby Rana's Facebook: https://facebook.com/RanaelKaliouby Affectiva (website): https://affectiva.com Smart Eye: (website): https://smarteye.se Girl Decoded (book): https://amzn.to/3DnRAN4 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (06:58) - Childhood (16:35) - Hijab (19:18) - Faith (21:26) - War (25:35) - Women in the Middle East (29:53) - Rana's journey (42:28) - Rosalind Picard (44:36) - Advice for women (55:07) - Dating (1:02:43) - Human nature (1:07:23) - AI and emotions (1:38:01) - Smart Eye (1:47:22) - Tesla and Waymo (1:56:09) - Drunk driving (2:05:40) - Robotics (2:19:27) - Advice for startups (2:24:15) - Investing (2:31:39) - Advice for young people (2:39:59) - Love

21 Syys 20222h 42min

Ray Kurzweil is an author, inventor, and futurist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get 14-day free trial - NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour - Linode: https://linode.com/lex to get $100 free credit - MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lex to get 15% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: Ray's Website: https://kurzweilai.net Ray's Books: The Singularity Is Nearer (pre-order): https://amzn.to/3BNXmGR How To Create A Mind: https://amzn.to/3qqlkBw The Singularity Is Near: https://amzn.to/3DfXP5z The Age of Spiritual Machines: https://amzn.to/3RSjtAX Danielle: https://amzn.to/3Bww2N7 Transcend: https://amzn.to/3RAEYGV PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (07:06) - Turing test (20:52) - Brain–computer interfaces (32:32) - Singularity (38:51) - Virtual reality (41:31) - Evolution of information processing (47:57) - Automation (57:58) - Nanotechnology (59:52) - Nuclear war (1:01:57) - Uploading minds (1:09:39) - How to think (1:16:09) - Digital afterlife (1:25:29) - Intelligent alien life (1:28:19) - Simulation hypothesis (1:32:31) - Mortality (1:40:11) - Meaning of life

17 Syys 20221h 42min

Christopher Capozzola is a professor of history at MIT. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Wealthfront: https://wealthfront.com/lex to get $50 sign-up bonus - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack - SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex EPISODE LINKS: Christopher's Instagram: https://instagram.com/boundbywarbook Christopher's Website: https://boundbywarbook.com Christopher's books: Bound by War: https://amzn.to/3QssboA Uncle Sam Wants You: https://amzn.to/3Bw5KdT PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (05:50) - How World War I started (20:27) - US and World War I (37:24) - US Military (43:43) - War in Ukraine (47:53) - American Civil War (53:31) - World War II (1:12:38) - Nationalism (1:23:27) - US elections (1:49:34) - Donald Trump (2:03:39) - Philippine–American War (2:10:02) - Greatest US president (2:14:36) - Advice for young people (2:16:53) - Meaning of life

14 Syys 20220s

Alexandra and Andrea Botez are chess players, commentators, educators, entertainers, and streamers. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Calm: https://calm.com/lex to get 40% off premium - Weights & Biases: https://lexfridman.com/wnb - BiOptimizers: http://www.magbreakthrough.com/lex to get 10% off - InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off - Indeed: https://indeed.com/lex to get $75 credit EPISODE LINKS: BotezLive Twitch: https://twitch.tv/botezlive BotezLive YouTube: https://youtube.com/c/BotezLive BotezLive Instagram: https://instagram.com/botezlive Alexandra's Instagram: https://instagram.com/missbotez Andrea's Instagram: https://instagram.com/itsandreabotez Alexandra's Twitter: https://twitter.com/alexandravbotez Andrea's Twitter: https://twitter.com/itsandreabotez ChessBase: https://chessbase.com/post/the-carlsen-niemann-affair PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (10:15) - Trip to Italy (17:16) - Chess tournaments (22:03) - Streaming (34:07) - Chess strategies (54:33) - King's Indian Defense (1:12:33) - Chess training (1:16:59) - Losing (1:20:18) - Street chess and trash talk (1:25:07) - Passion and study (1:43:00) - Loneliness and depression (2:07:49) - Andrew Tate (2:16:32) - Greatest chess player of all time (2:19:07) - Magnus Carlsen (2:28:17) - Advice for young people (2:30:10) - Chess boxing (2:39:04) - Meaning of life (2:40:09) - Love

9 Syys 20222h 42min

Nick Lane is a biochemist at UCL and author of Transformer, The Vital Question, and many other amazing books on biology, chemistry, and life. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: - Backbone: https://playbackbone.com/lex to get perks with order - Notion: https://notion.com - BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off - Blinkist: https://blinkist.com/lex to get 25% off premium EPISODE LINKS: Nick's Website: https://nick-lane.net Nick's Books: Transformer: https://amzn.to/3cy7lpO The Vital Question: https://amzn.to/3q0vN6q Oxygen: https://amzn.to/3edy3V5 Power, Sex, Suicide: https://amzn.to/3B3OInk Life Ascending: https://amzn.to/3wKIsOE Books mentioned: 21 Lessons for the 21st Century: https://amzn.to/3AZQaqy The Black Cloud: https://amzn.to/3wJhDKC PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: - Check out the sponsors above, it's the best way to support this podcast - Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman - Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman - Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman - LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman - Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman - Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here's the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) - Introduction (05:45) - Origin of life (19:31) - Panspermia (25:05) - What is life? (38:20) - Photosynthesis (41:55) - Prokaryotic vs eukaryotic cells (51:56) - Sex (59:39) - DNA (1:06:51) - Violence (1:17:25) - Human evolution (1:23:21) - Neanderthals (1:26:53) - Sensory inputs (1:37:43) - Consciousness (2:09:17) - AI and biology (2:38:36) - Evolution (2:59:07) - Fermi paradox (3:12:27) - Cities (3:20:14) - Depression (3:22:50) - Writing (3:30:49) - Advice for young people (3:37:57) - Earth

7 Syys 20223h 47min