220: Ramesses II Dead Sea to Galilee

Interview. Chris Naunton is the former head of the Egypt Exploration Society and the elected President International Association of Egyptologists (2016-2019). With decades of experience, he is an enthusiastic and engaging scholar, with a particular talent for outreach and communication. Dr. Naunton sat down to discuss the city of Amarna, its exploration, and the evidence that helps us connect with its ancient, famous people. Dr. Naunton's website and books https://chrisnaunton.com. Youtube seminars: "The People of Amarna" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1A6f5yk1QdM, "A History of the Egypt Exploration Society" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AgqomUA-BQ, and The Lost Tombs of Egypt" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-ogtWxeV9A. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

19 Elo 20201h 34min

How it was made, how it was discovered, and how it wound up in a museum far from its home. Date c.1347 BCE and 1912 CE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow the show on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Additional music by Michael Levy www.ancientlyre.com Select Bibliography: Arnold, Dorothea. ‘Aspects of the Royal Female Image During the Amarna Period’. In The Royal Women of Amarna: Images of Beauty from Ancient Egypt, edited by Dorothea Arnold, 85–120. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. Arnold, Dorothea. ‘The Workshop of the Sculptor Thutmose’. In The Royal Women of Amarna: Images of Beauty from Ancient Egypt, edited by Dorothea Arnold, 41–84. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1996. ‘Did Germany Cheat to Get Bust of Nefertiti?’, 10 February 2009. https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/archaeological-controversy-did-germany-cheat-to-get-bust-of-nefertiti-a-606525.html. Robins, Gay. The Art of Ancient Egypt. London: The British Museum Press, 1997. Tyldesley, Joyce. Nefertiti’s Face: The Creation of an Icon. London: Profile Books, 2018. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

7 Elo 202050min

The Queen becomes King. Throughout Akhenaten’s reign, the Great King’s Wife Neferet-Iti (Nefertiti) grew more and more prominent. By regnal year 16 (1437 BCE), she seemed to be an equal to her husband. Eventually, the Queen may have transitioned to a new role, and become a co-regent alongside Akhenaten. In this episode, we explore the evidence for Nefertiti as a King… CHAPTER TWO TIME CODE 22:38 Date c. 1347 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Follow the show on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Music by Ancient Lyric www.bettinajoydeguzman.com Select Bibliography: Aldred, Cyril. Akhenaten: King of Egypt. New York: Thames & Hudson, 1988. Allen, James P. ‘Two Altered Inscriptions of the Late Amarna Period’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 25 (1988): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/40000874. Dodson, Aidan. Amarna Sunrise: Egypt From Golden Age to Age of Heresy. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2014. Dodson, Aidan.  Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation. 2nd Edition. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2017. Dodson, Aidan. ‘Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (1990): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/3822009. Gabolde, Marc. D’Akhenaton à Toutânkhamon. Paris: Institut d’archéologie et d’histoire de l’antiquité, 1998. Gabolde, Marc. ‘L’ADN de La Famille Royale Amarnienne et Les Sources Égyptiennes’. Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne 6 (2013): 177–203. Gabolde, Marc. ‘Under a Deep Blue Starry Sky’. In Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane, edited by Peter J. Brand and Louise Cooper. Leiden: Brill, 2009. Gunn, Battiscombe. ‘Notes on the Aten and His Names’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 9, no. 3/4 (1923): 168–76. https://doi.org/10.2307/3854036. Murnane, William J. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995. Redford, Donald B. Akhenaten: The Heretic King. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. Reeves, C. N. ‘A Further Occurrence of Nefertiti as Hmt Nsw AAt’. Göttinger Miszellen 30 (1978): 61–69. Reeves, Nicholas. Akhenaten: Egypt’s False Prophet. London: Thames & Hudson, 2001. Reeves, Nicholas. ‘The Gold Mask of Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten’. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 7 (2015): 77–79. Reeves, Nicholas. ‘Tutankhamun’s Mask Reconsidered’. Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar: The Art and Culture of Ancient Egypt: Studies in Honor of Dorothea Arnold 19 (2015): 511–26. Van Der Perre, Athena. ‘The Year 16 Graffito of Akhenaten in Dayr Abū Ḥinnis. A Contribution to the Study of the Later Years of Nefertiti’. Journal of Egyptian History 7, no. 1 (2014): 67–108. https://doi.org/10.1163/18741665-12340014. Wilson, John A. ‘Akh-En-Aton and Nefert-Iti’. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 32, no. 1/2 (1973): 235–41. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

29 Heinä 202048min

A Short-Lived Ruler. In 1349 BCE, Egypt had two kings. But not for long. The young ruler, Smenkhkare, was destined to die early. In this episode, we explore the strange case of Akhenaten's co-king... Date c.1349 BCE Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Select Bibliography: Aldred, Cyril. Akhenaten: King of Egypt. 1988. Allen, James P. ‘Two Altered Inscriptions of the Late Amarna Period’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 25 (1988): 117–26. https://doi.org/10.2307/40000874. Dodson, Aidan. Amarna Sunrise: Egypt From Golden Age to Age of Heresy. 2014. Dodson, Aidan. Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation. 2nd Edition, 2017. Dodson, Aidan. ‘Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (1990): 87–96. https://doi.org/10.2307/3822009. Gabolde, Marc. D’Akhenaton à Toutânkhamon. 1998. Gabolde, Marc. ‘Under a Deep Blue Starry Sky’. In Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane, edited by Peter J. Brand and Louise Cooper, 2009. Murnane, William J. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. 1995. Redford, Donald B. Akhenaten: The Heretic King. 1984. Reeves, C. N. Akhenaten: Egypt’s False Prophet. 2001. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

22 Heinä 202020min

Child labour, plague, and dark deeds at Amarna. By regnal year 14 (c.1349 BCE) Akhenaten's capital city had grown to almost thirty thousand people. This massive growth carried a price, one that archaeologists are finding in the city's vast cemeteries... Date c.1349 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Music by Ancient Lyric www.bettinajoydeguzman.com   Select Bibliography: Dabbs, Gretchen R. ‘Bioarchaeology of the Non-Elite North Tombs Cemetery at Amarna: A Preliminary Assessment of the Non-Elite Individuals of the North Tombs Cemetery at Tell El-Amarna, Egypt’. Bioarchaeology International 3, no. 3 (2019): 174–86. https://doi.org/10.5744/bi.2019.1012. Dabbs, Gretchen R. ‘Human Bones from the South Tombs Cemetery: The 2013 Study Season’, 2013. https://www.amarnaproject.com/documents/pdf/STC-2013-bioarchaeology.pdf. Dodson, Aidan. Amarna Sunrise: Egypt From Golden Age to Age of Heresy. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2014. Egypt Exploration Society Website. ‘The Northern Cemeteries of Amarna’, 2018. https://www.ees.ac.uk/the-northern-cemeteries-of-amarna. Kemp, Barry J. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 3rd Revised Edition. London: Routledge, 2018. Kemp, Barry J. ‘Tell El-Amarna, 2016’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 102 (2016): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2307/26379068. Kemp, Barry J.  The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and Its People. First paperback edition. London: Thames & Hudson, 2014. Kemp, Barry, Anna Stevens, Gretchen R. Dabbs, Melissa Zabecki, and Jerome C. Rose. ‘Life, Death and Beyond in Akhenaten’s Egypt: Excavating the South Tombs Cemetery at Amarna’. Antiquity 87, no. 335 (2013): 64–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00048626. Kuckens, Kathleen. ‘The Children of Amarna: Disease and Famine in the Time of Akhenaten’. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, 2013. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/888. Panagiotakopulu, Eva. ‘Pharaonic Egypt and the Origins of Plague’. Journal of Biogeography 31, no. 2 (2004): 269–75. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0305-0270.2003.01009.x. Shidner, Ashley. ‘Growing Up in Tell El-Amarna: An Examination of Growth and Non-Specific Stress Indicators in New Kingdom Children’. University of Arkansas, 2018. Stevens, Anna. ‘Death and the City: The Cemeteries of Amarna in Their Urban Context’ 28, no. 1 (2018): 103–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959774317000592. Amarna Project website, ‘The South Tombs Cemetery’, 2013. https://www.amarnaproject.com/pages/recent_projects/excavation/south_tombs_cemetery/2013.shtml. Zakrzewski, Sonia R. ‘Variation in Ancient Egyptian Stature and Body Proportions’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121, no. 3 (1 July 2003): 219–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10223. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

6 Heinä 202031min

Royal Tombs, Amarna, Egyptology. Prof. Aidan Dodson has been in the game many years, and has published widely on a variety of topics. From his best-selling Amarna Sunset, Amarna Sunrise and The Royal Tombs of Ancient Egypt, Prof. Dodson is familiar to many who are interested in ancient Egypt. In this interview, he sat down to discuss the Amarna Period, royal tombs, and the science of history in Egyptology. A fascinating conversation, which I'm excited to share! Date c.1350 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com Find more of Prof. Dodson's work and purchase his book The Royal Tombs of Ancient Egypt at Pen & Sword Publishing https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/Aidan-Dodson/a/2681 Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

25 Kesä 202056min

The Mysterious Mummy. In this episode, we visit the historical crime scene known as Valley of the Kings tomb number 55. KV55 is easily the most analysed, debated, and confounding find in all of Egyptology... Date: c.1350 BCE and 1907 CE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Follow us on social media www.facebook.com/egyptpodcast and www.twitter.com/egyptianpodcast.  Select Bibliography: Martha R. Bell, ‘An Armchair Excavation of KV 55’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 27 (1990): 97–137. R.C. Connolly, ‘Kinship of Smenkhkare and Tutankhamen Affirmed by Serological Micromethod: Microdetermination of Blood Group Substances in Ancient Human Tissue’. Nature 224, no. 5217 (1 October 1969): 325–325. Theodore M. Davis, The Tomb of Queen Tiyi: The Discovery of the Tomb. 2nd edition. London: Constable and Co Ltd, 1990. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise: Egypt From Golden Age to Age of Heresy. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2014. Corrinne Duhig, ‘Comments on “Biological Age of the Skeletonised Mummy from Tomb KV55 at Thebes (Egypt)” by Eugen Strouhal’. Anthropologie 48, no. 2 (2010): 113–16. Marianne Eaton-Krauss, ‘“The Sarcophagus in the Tomb of Tutankhamun”: A Clarification’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 84 (1998): 210–12. Marianne Eaton-Krauss, ‘Reprise: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Amarna’. Chronique d’Egypte 88, no. 175 (1 January 2013): 64–80. H.W. Fairman, ‘Once Again the So-Called Coffin of Akhenaten’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 47 (1961): 25–40. Marc. Gabolde, D’Akhenaton à Toutânkhamon. Paris: Institut d’archéologie et d’histoire de l’antiquité, 1998. Marc. Gabolde, ‘L’ADN de La Famille Royale Amarnienne et Les Sources Égyptiennes’. Égypte Nilotique et Méditerranéenne 6 (2013): 177–203. Marc. Gabolde, ‘Under a Deep Blue Starry Sky’. In Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane, edited by Peter J. Brand and Louise Cooper. Leiden: Brill, 2009. R. G. Harrison, ‘An Anatomical Examination of the Pharaonic Remains Purported to Be Akhenaten’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 52 (1966): 95–119. Zahi Hawass, Yehia Z. Gad, Somaia Ismail, Rabab Khairat, Dina Fathalla, Naglaa Hasan, Amal Ahmed, et al. ‘Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family’. JAMA 303, no. 7 (17 February 2010): 638–47. Geoffrey Thorndike Martin, The Royal Tomb at El-ʻAmarna. 2 vols. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1974. William Max Miller, ‘The Theban Royal Mummy Project’. The Theban Royal Mummy Project, http://anubis4_2000.tripod.com/mummypages1/18B.htm. William J. Murnane, ‘The End of the Amarna Period Once Again’. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 96 (2001): 9–22. Bernadine Z. Paulshock, ‘Tutankhamun’s Mother’. JAMA 249, no. 16 (22 April 1983): 2178–2178. C. N. Reeves, ‘A Reappraisal of Tomb 55 in the Valley of the Kings’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 67 (1981): 48–55. Grafton Elliot Smith, The Royal Mummies. London: Duckworth, 1912-2000. Online edition. Eugen Strouhal, ‘Biological Age of Skeletonized Mummy from Tomb KV 55 at Thebes’. Anthropologie 48, no. 2 (2010): 97–112. Charles F. Timmons, ‘Genetics of the Eighteenth Dynasty’. JAMA 245, no. 15 (17 April 1981): 1525–1525. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

19 Kesä 202045min

Two Funerals and a Wedding, Part 2. In 1350 BCE the royal house of Egypt was in crisis. The princess Meket-Aten, just eight years old, was the second prominent person to die in a short span of time. Soon after, Akhenaten seems to have appointed a new co-ruler. His name was Smenkh-ka-Re. Date c.1350 BCE. Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show via Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Make a one-time donation via PayPal payments. Music by Keith Zizza www.keithzizza.com. Music by Ancient Lyric www.bettinajoydeguzman.com Select Bibliography: Dorothea Arnold, The Royal Women of Amarna: Images of Beauty from Ancient Egypt, 1996. Martha R. Bell, ‘An Armchair Excavation of KV55’. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 27 (1990): 97–137. R.C. Connolly, ‘Kinship of Smenkhkare and Tutankhamen Affirmed by Serological Micromethod: Microdetermination of Blood Group Substances in Ancient Human Tissue’. Nature 224, no. 5217 (1 October 1969): 325–325. Norman de Garis Davies, The Rock Tombs of El-Amarna, vol II, 1905. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunrise: Egypt From Golden Age to Age of Heresy. Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2014. Aidan Dodson, Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation, 2009. Aidan Dodson, ‘Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (1990): 87–96. Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, 2004. Corrinne Duhig, ‘Comments on “Biological Age of the Skeletonised Mummy from Tomb KV55 at Thebes (Egypt)” by Eugen Strouhal’. Anthropologie 48, no. 2 (2010): 113–16. Marianne Eaton-Krauss, ‘“The Sarcophagus in the Tomb of Tutankhamun”: A Clarification’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 84 (1998): 210–12. H.W. Fairman, ‘Once Again the So-Called Coffin of Akhenaten’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 47 (1961): 25–40. Marc Gabolde, D’Akhenaton à Toutânkhamon, 1998. John Harris, ‘En Sag Om Forveksling’. Papyrus 2, no. 4 (2004): 4–13. R.G. Harrison, ‘An Anatomical Examination of the Pharaonic Remains Purported to Be Akhenaten’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 52 (1966): 95–119. Zahi Hawass, Yehia Z. Gad, Somaia Ismail, Rabab Khairat, Dina Fathalla, Naglaa Hasan, Amal Ahmed, et al. ‘Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun’s Family’. JAMA 303, no. 7 (17 February 2010): 638–47. Geoffrey Thorndike Martin, The Royal Tomb at El-ʻAmarna. 2 vols. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1974. William Max Miller, ‘The Theban Royal Mummy Project’. The Theban Royal Mummy Project, n.d. http://anubis4_2000.tripod.com/mummypages1/18B.htm. William J. Murnane, ‘The End of the Amarna Period Once Again’. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 96 (2001): 9–22. C.N. Reeves, ‘A Reappraisal of Tomb 55 in the Valley of the Kings’. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 67 (1981): 48–55. Eugen Strouhal, ‘Biological Age of Skeletonized Mummy from Tomb KV 55 at Thebes’. Anthropologie 48, no. 2 (2010): 97–112. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

5 Kesä 202033min