Gender (re)balancing: the updated ICRC Commentary on the Fourth Geneva Convention
International humanitarian law (IHL) has long been critiqued for its gendered fault lines, specifically the marginalization of violence and harm to women and girls during armed conflict, laid bare by ...
30 Huhti 18min
Upholding IHL protections against the risks of ICT activities in armed conflict
Across the world, essential civilian services increasingly depend on information and communication technologies (ICTs). These same technologies are also reshaping the conduct of armed conflict. As war...
23 Huhti 20min
Complying with IHL in large-scale conflicts: movement, mass displacement and family links
By the end of 2024, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimated that 123.2 million people worldwide were forcibly displaced as a result of persecution, conflict, violence...
16 Huhti 18min
Why Nordic governments must uphold the global ban on anti-personnel mines
As security concerns intensify across Europe following the escalation of the international armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2022, several states – including Finland, Poland, and the Baltic...
2 Huhti 13min
Restoring education after armed conflict: an IHL-guided framework
When armed conflict ends, education does not always return with it. In many post-conflict settings, schools remain closed long after ceasefires, while children stay at home, enter work, remain displac...
26 Maalis 16min
When the perpetrator is the climate
Climate change and armed conflict increasingly intersect in humanitarian settings. While the sector is now alert to climate-related risks – particularly in disaster response, resilience programming, a...
19 Maalis 14min
Deciding under algorithms: artificial intelligence and the protection of civilian infrastructure in armed conflict
Artificial intelligence (AI)-based decision-support systems are increasingly embedded upstream of the use of force, shaping how military actors plan attacks, assessing effects, and anticipating harm. ...
12 Maalis 15min
Engaging non-state armed groups on the protection of missing people and their families
The ICRC continues to witness unacceptable levels of suffering when the law designed to protect families, prevent people from going missing, and ensure the dignified and respectful treatment of the de...
5 Maalis 14min
